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Chapter 3 - Ella - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 3 - Ella
The heart
diagram
blood travels away from the heart through arteries
blood returns to the heart through veins
Stage 1
the top chambers (atria) relax and fill with blood from the veins
Stage 2
The atria contract and the blood is forced inot the relaxing bottom chambers (ventricles)
Stage 3
the ventricles contract and the blood is forced out of the heart into the arteries
Arteries
Non-elastic fibres
thick/elastic walls
loosen to let blood in and contract to force it along
Veins
thinner/less muscluar walls
blood is under lower pressure
valves
every few centimetres, stop backward flow of blood
contract to push blood, blood only in one direction
Temperature control
heat is lost by radiation and convection
convection: process by which heat is transferred by movement of a heated fluid such as air or water
Keeping warm: blood supply to capillaries and sweating are reduced
hairs on body stand on edge to trap a still layer of warm air
Blood pressure
Blood pressure is measured using a special
machine called a Sphygmomanometer.
Blood pressure is a measure of the outward force exerted by the blood on the walls of the blood vessels
Pulse rates
there a 4
Radial pulse - base of the thumb at beginning of wrist
Temporal pulse - just over the temple on each side of the head
Carotid pulse - on either side of the neck to the side of the windpipe
Femoral pulse - found at the top of each leg at the groin
Cardiac Output = Stroke Volume x Heart Rate