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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION - Coggle Diagram
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
IRON, STEAM, AND MACHINES
THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITALISM
This growth was possible thanks to the original accumulation of capital and the reinvestment of the profits of private entrepreneurs, which expanded their facilities to generate more growth.
The workers were given very long working hours, of 14 or 16 hours, with low salaries. Children and women were employed to pay even less.
The mechanization of the textile industries, the development of iron processing and the introduction of the steam engine machine were three pillars of the Industrial Revolution.
From 1733 the loom had begun to be mechanized.
The first step was the flying shuttle, patented that year by the British inventor John Kay.
The Spinning Jenny, the spinning machine with eight coils, invented around 1764 by the Englishman James Hargreaves
PROTESTANT REFORMATION
THE ORIGINAL ACCUMULATION
The entry into Europe of huge amounts of precious metals from America and the profits of the slave trade and commerce in the world system, produced in the northern countries what Marx called "the accumulation originating ", that is, the growth of capital available for the development of capitalism.
A key element of capitalism is the initiation of activity to obtain benefits in the future.
In addition to the social, scientific and technological changes brought by the Renaissance and Scientific Revolution, which we saw in the previous unit, The change produced by the Protestant Reformation-the separation of the Catholic Church from hundreds of thousands of Christians, especially in central and northern Western Europe, who established particular churches without a obedience to the Pope.
German Martin Luther questioned the papacy and corruption in Rome for the practice of selling indulgences, while, as he claimed, salvation depends only on the grace of God and not on any forgiveness of men.
This religious phenomenon drastically changed society and deepened the practice of frugality and saving, along with the conviction that economic success was good and even a sign of divine blessing.
The Industrial Revolution is the change experienced in the conditions of production due to the introduction of machinery, initially moved to steam, which replaced manual labor.
Is comparable to the Neolithic agricultural revolution, due to the depth of the social, economic, and cultural changes of humanity.
This historical process occurred between mid from the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th. From England, it spread to Western Europe and the USA. Other countries joined much later in the Industrial Revolution.