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Sequence variation - Coggle Diagram

- - - - product of a genetic merger
    - - archea uses anaerobic metabolism
        
        alpha proteobacterium uses aerobic metabolism
        
        more ATP
        
        less ATP
      - Archea feeds on the bacteria
        
        the bacteria is undigested in the archea and they have a mutual relationship sharing metabolites
        
        at this stage, they are can still survive independently of each other
        
        random mutation occurs where host/endosymbiont is dependent on other organism for survival
        
        the organisms are trapped together and relationship improves
        
        endosymbiont undergoes horizontal gene transfer
        
        steps
        
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        evidence
        
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        the two organism become 1 over time
        
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  - - - endosymbiosis
        
        sharing
        
        entrapment
        
        transfer of control and genetic integration
  - - - cyanobacterium allows for production of energy from sunlight
    - - over time the nucleus and mitochondria are kicked out and function is transferred to the host
        
        when they are losing/transferring function, a nucleomorph may be seen
        
        the partial nucleus still counts as its separate genome
        
        the organelle ends up with a second membrane
- - - - rise of the first life forms
        
        radiation
        
        accumulation of alleles through time
        
        models for how life first came
        
        DNA world
        
        how they may contribute to life
        
        very stable
        
        can store genetic information
        
        why they don't contribute to life
        
        they only store information
        
        protein world
        
        can catalyze rxns
        
        can alter other proteins and folding conformations can be passed on
        
        to pass on the conformation, it must be embedded in the genome
        
        how they may contribute to life
        
        why they probably don't contribute to life
        
        usually unstable
        
        they have function, but cannot be passed on without being embedded in the genome
        
        RNA world
        
        favored for how life started
        
        speculation that it was an RNA dominant world
        
        this RNA world gave rise to a DNA world branching into the 3 domains of life today
        
        can store info by making stable templates of itself
        
        have functions such as catalyzing rxns
  - - - changes from replication mistakes(due to the genome being unstable) can accumulate, giving rise to new alleles
        
        can lead to cancer
  - - - arises from the fact genomes are unstable
        
        when replication mistakes are make, alleles are made
        
        with a growing population of genomes, the number of alleles increase every generation causing more instability in the genome
        
        changes that occurred can be used to track the origin of the species
        
        similar matches suggests that 2 genomes can be related
        
        living fossils
        
        they do not exist, because even if are deemed an ancient species, they have evolving and are changing along with the many species of today.
        
        they do not resemble the common ancestor
        
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        advantageous allele
        
        causes allele to become dominant by being the majority of the organism