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Endocrine System Melissa Figuero Per 1 - Coggle Diagram
Endocrine System Melissa Figuero Per 1
Major Functions of Endocrine System
influences metabolic activities w hormones
controls reproduction
growth and development
balance of blood (electrolytes/water/nutrients)
energy balance
Major Endocrine Glands/Organs
hypothalamus: secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones to anterior pituitary
pituitary: tells other organs to release hormones
posterior
-oxytocin: stimulant of urine contraction/milk ejection (target organ- uterus and breast)
-ADH: monitors solute concentration (target organ- kidneys
anterior
-growth hormone: growth (target organ- liver/muscle/bone/cartilage)
-TSH: stimulates thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones (target organ- thyroid gland)
thyroid: metabolism/growth/development
T3: maintain muscle control, brain function/development, heart/digestive functions
T4: assists with metabolism, mood, and body temperature
calcitonin: decreases calcium in bloodstream
parathyroid: regulation of calcium balance in blood
adrenal: secrete adrenaline by reaction to stress/fear
mineralocorticoids: stimulates Na+ reabsorption (target organ-kidneys)
glucocorticoids: keeps blood glucose constant; maintain blood pressure (target organ- body cells)
gonadocorticoids: sex drive (target organ- female libido)
epinephrine: stimulator of metabolic activities (target organ- sympathetic NS)
norepinephrine: blood pressure (target organ- sympathetic NS)
pineal: assists in keeping circadian rhythm by telling the body when to sleep
melatonin (target organ- brain)
Diseases
diabetes insipidus: ADH deficiency
hypersecretion of GH: gigantism
hyposecretion of GH: pituitary dwarfism
hypersecretion of TH: Graves’ disease (elevated metabolic rate/ sweating/ exophthalmos/ weight loss)
hyposecretion of TH: myxedema (low metabolic rate/ thick and dry skin/ constipation/ enlarged thyroid)
hypersecretion of corticosteroids: Cushing’s syndrome/disease (depresses cartilage/bone formation and immune system)
hyposecretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids: Addison’s disease (weight loss, severe dehydration, hypotension)
hypersecretion of insulin: hyperinsulinism (nervousness, disorientation, unconsciousness)
Homeostatic mechanisms of hormone regulation
glucagon and insulin levels rising and falling (negative feedback)
exocrine glands producing sweat when its hot (negative feedback)
thyroid hormone secretion (negative feedback)
hypothalamus secretes TRH and this stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete TSH
oxytocin production and secretion is controlled by a positive feedback
regulation of the blood calcium level (negative feedback)
Steroid vs non steroid hormones
steroid H: created from cholesterol; lipid soluble
sex hormones (testosterone/estrogen/progesterone)/cortisol/aldo/adrenocortical/ androstenedione
amino acid based H: don't have steroids in them; consisted of amino acids/proteins/peptides; water soluble
epinephrine/ norepinephrine/ adrenaline/ TSH/ growth hormone/parathormone/ prolactin