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THE REIGN OF THE CATHOLIC MORACHS, image, image, image, image, image,…
THE REIGN OF THE CATHOLIC MORACHS
THE UNION OF CASTILLA AND ARAGON
1469
Isabella (half-sister of Henry IV of Castilla)
she married Ferdinand ( prince of Aragon)
1474
King of Castilla died
Civil war broke out
Joanna La Beltraneja
Support of Portugal
Isabella
support of Aragon
1479
the civil war ended
Isabella win the war
king of Aragón died
Ferdinand became king
resulted in a dynastic union
Castilla
Aragón
they did not create a unitary state
both of them conserved
institutions
language
their laws
currency
internal boundaries
ART AND CULTURE
new humanist and renaissance ideas
Spanish Renaissance characteristics
founding of universities
Cisneros (founder of Alcalá de Henares University)
he financed the polyglot Bible
written in four lenguajes
Chaldean
Hebrew
Latin
Greek
Juan Luis Vives
very important humanist
spent his live in Flandes and England
escaped from the Inquisition
follower of the Erasmus of Rotterdam
proposed the creation of social services
increase in the importance of Castilian languaje
by Antonio de Nebrija
first grammar of the language in 1492
Gothic artistic style maintained
sculpture
Italian Domenico Fancelli
sculpted Tomb of the Catholic Monarchs
painting
Pedro Berruguete
influenced by Flemish style
main Gothic works
commissioned by the Catholic monarchs
Cisneros style
Isabelline style
RELIGIOUS POLICY
they had an aim
international divisions
prevent revolts
In order to this,
Muslims were expelled
they were Mudéjar Muslims
they lived in Christian territories
after the conquest of Granada (1492)
Cardinal Cisneros forced them to baptise
many of them revolted in Andalucia
expelled from Castilla in 1526
some of them converted
known as Moriscos
persecuted by the inquisition
most of them were farmer
their departure had a negative impact
Jews were expelled
persecuted by Christian population
increased in the 15th century
it was believed they offended god
they were bankers
Christians owed them money
in 1492 were forced to convert to Christianity
if not
sell their assets
leave their homes
called Sephardic Jews
some of them converted
known as conversos
persecuted to not practised their religion
DOMESTIC REFORMS
catholic monarchs carried out domestic reforms
to weaken the power of nobility
specific matters
Castillan military orders
managed by Council of military orders
royal treasury
control and administrate taxes
territories
Aragón and Navarra
Council of Castilla
experts appointed to advise monarchs
military orders under the monarchs' control
judicial system of Castilla
restructured by audiencias
Granada
Valladolid
permanent army of mercenaries
overpower the militias
Santa Hermandad militia was created
in Castilla
keep the peace
fight crime
reduce autonomy of kingdoms
The viceroy was created
represent monarchs in their absence
inquisition was stablished
In Castilla (1478) and reformed in Aragón
religious but controlled by the crown
power of general courts reduced
restrict the autonomy of urban oligarchies
monarchs appointed the mayors (Castilla)
local governors selected by lottery (Aragón)
improve internationals relations
diplomatic corps was expanded
Castilla became authoritarian monarchy
Aragón maintained the pact tradition
ECONOMY AND SOCIETY
Crown of Aragón
important things
War of the Remences
increase in the abuses of nobility
feudal abuses
available resources declined
the abuses
other arbitrary measures
fines
taxes
this led to the War of the Remences
by the peasants
ended in 1486 thanks to Ferdinand
Sentencia Arbitral de Guadalupe
Trade in the Mediterranean
incorporation of Italian territories
main ports
Barcelona
Valencia
Crown of Castilla
important things
Transhumance livestock farming developed
shepherds migrated to the northern meseta
exportation of wool
privileges
flocks travelled along paths
Cañadas reales protected them
monarchs received taxes from wool
gave privileges to shepherds
association called Honrado Concejo de la Mesta
Burgos Consulate
founded in 1494
to control exportation of wool
Spanish textile
developed to cover domestic demand
Agriculture
suffered because off livestock farming
pasture land increased
In Andalucia they produced oil and wine
metal
In the 16th century
main source was precious metal from America
FOREIGN POLICY
main objectives of the monarchs
consolidation of the Crown of Aragón
isolation of France
expansion across the Atlantic
unification of the Iberian Peninsula
activities used to achieve this
military activities
Outside the Iberian Peninsula
Italy
France was defeated
by the Forces of Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordoba
defeated at the battles of Cerignola and Garigliano (1503)
secured Naples, Sicily and Sardinia
Atlantic Ocean
Canary Islands conquered in 1478-1496
stop off point for Columbus in 1492
Northern Africa
between 1497 and 1510
Melilla, Oran and Bugia were conquered
Ceuta conquered by Portugal
On the Iberia Peninsula
1492
After a war Boabdil
surrendered the last Muslim state
ruler of the kingdom of Granada
1512
Ferdinand
Navarra became crown of Castilla
conquered Navarra
diplomatic activities
Union with Portugal
the monarchs married
Isabell of Aragón (their daughter)
King Manuel I of Portugal
the son inherited the kingdoms
but died with his mother
Then Maria married the widowed king
Isolation of France
agreement in 1493
France returned to Aragón
Cerdanya
Roussillon
France continued being their first enemy
monarchs married their children
Habsburgs of the Holy Roman Empire
English princes
