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THE REIGN OF THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS, As a single state was not created, it…
THE REIGN OF THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS
The dynastic union of Castilla and Aragón
In 1469
Isabella, the half-sister of Henry IV of Castilla
married Ferdinand, the Crown Prince of Aragón
in 1474
In the same year, Ferdinand became the King of Aragón after the death of his father
a civil war broke out between the followers of his daughter
The conflict ended in 1479 with the victory of Isabella.
Domestic reforms
The Catholic Monarchs carried out a series of domestic reforms to centralise power.
established to meet four objectives:
weaken the power of the nobility
To reduce the autonomy of the kingdoms of the Hispanic Monarchy
To restrict the autonomy of the urban oligarchies
To improve international relations
Castilla became an authoritarian monarchy
However, the Crown of Aragón maintained the pact tradition
RELIGIOUS POLICY
One of the Catholic Monarchs’ main political objectives was to establish religious unity in their domains.
the Jews and Muslims were expelled.
The Christians believed that the Jews offended God
Those who did not obey had to sell their assets at a loss and leave their homes. They are known as Sephardic Jews
conversos
hose who agreed to convert
investigated and persecuted by the Inquisition to prevent them from practising their old religion in secret
The Mudéjar were Muslims who lived in Christian territories
Those who converted were known as Moriscos and they were also persecuted by the Inquisition
FOREIGN POLICY
The Catholic Monarchs' main objectives were the unification of the Iberian Peninsula
Diplomatic. The monarchs formed political agreements or alliances by marrying their children
Union with Portugal
Isolation of France
in 1493
the territories of Roussillon and Cerdanya (in the Pyrenees) were returned to Aragón
Military. The Catholic Monarchs carried out a series of military conquests
On the Iberian Peninsula
in 1492, after a ten year war, Boabdil
in 1512, Ferdinand the Catholic' conquered Navarra
Outside the Iberian Peninsula
Northern Africa
Italy
The Atlantic Ocean
ECONOMY AND SOCIETY
After the serious economic and demographic crises of the 14th century,
cereal farming, which the economy was based on, went into decline
Crown of Castilla
The exportation of wool was very important
The flocks travelled along paths protected by the crown called cañadas reales
The Spanish textile industry developed just enough to cover domestic demand.
Agriculture suffered due to the increase in livestock farming
During the 16th century, the main source of wealth was precious metals
Crown of Aragón
As in Castilla, the crisis of the 14th century provoked an increase in the abuses of the nobility
Trade in the Mediterranean benefitted from the incorporation of Italian territories into the Crown of Aragón
he monarchs protected local industries by placing taxes or duties on foreign products.
ART AND CULTURE
The Spanish Renaissance had the following characteristics
Antonio de Nebrija published the first grammar of this language in 1492
The founding of new universities and the spread of the printing press
Juan Luis Vives, a converted Jew who went into exile to escape the Inquisition
The Gothic artistic style was maintained
As a single state was not created, it is referred to as the Hispanic Monarchy.
