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Hardware and operating systems. - Coggle Diagram
Hardware and operating systems.
COMPUTER LANGUAGE AND FUNCTION
When we communicate a sentence or make calculations, we use a lot of different symbols, sounds and images. Computers onlu use the numbers 0 and 1.
This is known as the
binary system
.
The smallest unit of information that we can store on a computer (0 or 1)
is called a bit (b), which is an abbreviation for binary digit.
Eight bits together form a byte (B). Different multiples of a byte are
used to store information.
Eight bits together form a byte (B). Different multiples of a byte are
used to store information.
ASCII
We give a code to each of the letters of the alphabet, and to the characters computers use, so that we can store them. This codes consist of the figures "1" and "0".
ASCII ( the American Standard Code for Information Interchange) uses 7 bits to store up to 128 different characters.
Computer functions.
We use the name hardware for the physical components of the computer system that we use and those we can touch and move, like th mouse and the keyboard.
Software or programs refer to the data and the instructions we use to manage that data.
Computers carry out 4 different functions.
Output of data using peripherical decives.
Processing data in the central processing unit (CPU), using the microprocessor and the memory.
Input of data using peripherical decives.
Storing data in the storage decives.
COMPUTER ELEMENTS
Microprocessor
Is an integrated circuit made up of millions of tiny transistors working together to process the instructions and data recieved from the memory.
The
clock rate
sets the pace at which processes are completed.
A microprocessor's power also depends on its cache memory and the speed at wich it communicates with the RAM.
Memory and units of storage.
RAM (random access memory)
When we run an application, its instructions and data are copied to this
memory so that the microproressor can use them.
Cache memory
The cache memory stores the dadta that the microprocesor uses more often.
ROM BIOS
When you turn on your computer, it autommtically checks the system. This intial check is carried out using instructions stored in a special read-only memory: the ROM BIOS.
Motherboard and connectring devices.
Inside the computer you'll find a large board; we call it the
motherboard
. All the other components of the computer are conected to it.
Slots
that can be used to expand or add new components, such as modem, sound card, network card and so on.
The
IDE (initegrated device electronics)
or
ATA (advanced tecnology attachment)
and
SATA (serial ATA conectors)
conect the hard disc, CD drive and DVD drive to the motherboard.
The
chipset
is a number of integrated circuits designed to perform related functions; they control the flow of bits to and from the motherboard.
Connecting external devices.
Sound card
Grafics card
Hard disc
DVD drives
Software and operating systems.
Operating system
. Manages the system resources, making them aviable for use by the user and the applications.
Applications
Spreadsheets
Antivirus software, file compressors, web browsers, webmail softwarre games and so on.
Presentations.
Drawing programs
Database manegement tools
Word processors
Windows operating system.
Installing and uninstalling programs .
We can instaII programs using an installation wizard .
Linux operating system
Installing and unisnstalling programs
Linux uses two package managers to help users automatically install
applications donwnloaded from the internet.
Computer networks
A computer network is a set of computers connected to each other so that they can share resources and exchange information .
Metropolitan area networks, made up of several LANs.
Wide area networks, covering a country or a continent
Local area networks or LANs
Elements in a network.
All computer network have a logical component, which is an operating system and appplications that work on a network, and a physical component connecting the different components to each other.
Each computer needs an adaptor or network card.
The hub distributes all the information between the other computers.
This information travels down a transmision medium.
Wireless networks.
Wireless networks use electromagnetic waves to transmit data.
Shared internet acess
Computers can share internet access using Internet Conection Sharing (ICS) or using a router.