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Computer language and function, image - Coggle Diagram
Computer language and function
When we commun<cate ur memonse a s< ntence or make cab ulations. wr usc a lot of different svmhols, sounds an<I irn.iyr ( n rn)n<rrrs only usr the numbers 0 and I
I lux f known .<s the bmary system I he snwlhnr irrnt nf m(nrm.it ion that we can store on 4 computer (0 or I)
<6 called a bit (b), which is an abbreiiatu>n for hmam digit Fighr hits t<>gether (orm 4 byte (0). ()it(< rent mult iple> uf 4 hvtr .<re used (o store informatirm V >tire rlwt to merc.<sr tlir level, ynu have to multiply the umts on thc aen arty) p ><ra lel'I by 1024 and the umts on the nght by I (KK)
Computer functions
We usc the name hard~ are I'nr the phv'll<at computer system ot lilt computer system and those wc can tnuih and move. Like the mouse and th» keyboard
Input of data usml pripheral deiices
storing data the storage devices.
Processmg dam m t lie central prorcssmg umt (CPL'I, using the
microproressur and the memory.
Output of data using penpheral devices.
Computers prur.ess and store mformarion m the form ol rcxh numlx rs.
phiitopraphs. rnu i<. and sn on
computers elements
Microprocessor
Computer lustory is very lovely to the <li > ilnpmcnt of ingrant circuits or chips.I he mi< roprocessor is an integrated ruit made up I milhons of mv :ranitoraworkmg together to process the instrutiuns and dau received
Today's microprossor sor can process 64 bits at a time
A microprocess is power also depends on its cache memory and the speed at which it communicates with the RAM
Memory and units of storage
RAM
I he computer s nmin memory is its RAM f random access memory) When we run ani application. its instructions and data are copied tu this
memory i th.u the microproressor can use them
Cache memory
RAM cannot work at the same ~peed a< the mu.roprocessor, so a much
faster memury is installed between thr RAM and The microprocessor the cache memory.
ron bois
When you turn un your computer, u aut mmtically r heck< the svstem
This intial her.k is arrive ucnons stured my especial real.
Storage devices
The Ram stures data tempore«ly Tghen ynu turn ulf the computer this daty dissapears
Motherboard and connecting devices
If you opened up vour computer, could you find and idenrif the mern r i und lite micropresor
connecting external decives
We can physicagy connect devices to the computer differen ways
By speciall connector on the motherboard, for such devices ai the hard disk, DVD driies,and so on
using the external ports on the side or back of the computer for example the USB portatil
Using expansion siut on the motherboard to connect a Sournd card or a graphics card, for example .
Software and operating system
there are so many types of sofwere
operating system
Manages the svstern resources, making the available for use bv the user and the aplicaitions
Applications
Presentations:power point, imprimid
Database management tools: access, base
spreadsheets: excel, cal
Drawing programs: paint, paint shop pro, draw
Word processors: word, writer
The operating system
the peration system is the first thing that apears when you turn on your computer and the last thing you see when you are returning it off
when we want opem an application, we use the send that
command to the operating system. The following process then takes places
the operatmg system Finds the aplicationsn on thc hard disk,
The program is now the active application
when we save the document. the operatmg system looks For free spaca
on the hard disk and transfers the data from memory to that space
to print, click on Imrpriirir, and the word processor will send the
command to the operating svstem
'when we close the word procesor., the operating system deletes the
aplication from the memory
Windows operating system
Installing and uninstalling programs
Hard disk maintenance
Cleaming the hard disk
Detecting and repairing errors
Defragmentmg the hard disk.
Saving power
System updates
Linux operating system
Installing and uninstalling programs
Linux uses two packers managers to help user automatically install applications downloaded from the internet
add and remove in the aplications menu. This is the eastest way to add and remove applications
Synapic package managerments program. To open it select system > administration. This program gives you more control over the instalation process
We will now learn how to install uninstall a program in lunix the first method
Click on aplicate changes to apply the changes
Confirm the instalation by clicking on aplicated
Select the program you want
Go to the aplicatons menu and select add and remove. the add and remove applications window will apears
Go to aplications > add and remove
In add and remove aplications, select the program and click on aplicated changes
The operating system will uninstall the application
Computer networks
A computer network is a set of computers connected to each other so that they can share resources and exchanges information.
We can divide computer networks into three categories, depending on their size:
metropolitan areas network, made up of several LANs
Wide areas network, covering a country or continent
local area networks or LANs
. Elements in a network
All computers networks have a logical component , which is operating system and aplications that work on a network, and a physical component connecting the different computers to each other
This information travels down a transmision medium, normally a cable similar to a telephone wire with an RJ45 connector on the end
Each computers needs an adaptor or network card to send information to the other computer and receive information back
The hub distributes all of the information it receives between the other computers in a network.
It can be replaced by a switch, which send the data it receives only to the recipients
Wire less networks
Wireless networks, know as WLANs, use electromagnetic waves to transmit data. All computers needs to have a wireless network card. Networks with a combination of wired and wireless access points that we can use to transmit data thourg wires or electromagnetic waves.
. Shared Internet access
Using internet connection sharing, where all comunications is throught one computer that must be switched on all the time
Using a router, which deletes data and directs it to from the internet
