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Environmental Impact Assesment - Coggle Diagram
Environmental Impact Assesment
Intro
Meaning
To
identify, measures, mitigates and monitor impact
of activities or project on environment, human health and welfare
To identify, predict, evaluate, communicate information about the impacts on other proposed project and come out with all mitigating reason
Term use impact instead of effect
Impact VS Effect
Impact
define as marked
effect
connect to
negative outcomes
influence of
action on something or someone
Effect
define as
changed which result of an action
outcomes of an action or phenomenon.
Baseline situation
define as
exist environment situation
or condition in the absence of activity
Key Concept
of EIA
Consider 6 things
Water
(Quantity,Quality)
Soils
(Erosion, crop productivity)
Fauna
(populations, habitat)
Env Health
(Diseases)
Flora
(key species, productivity)
Special ecosystems
(Key Species)
EIA phases
Phase I
Initial Inquiries
Understand proposed activities
(why being proposed)
Screen
(based on nature, what level environmental review indicated)
Conduct preliminary assesment (if need)
SCREEN
(baseline yg ada habitat)
Activity low risk (unlikely have significant impacts)(stop the EIA)
Activity high risk ( likely to have significant impacts) (will begin full EIA study)
Phase II
Full EIA study
(if needed)
Scope
Evaluate baseline situation
identify& choose alternatives
identify & characterized potential impacts of proposed activity
Develop mitigating and monitoring
Communicate and document (hebahan)
Typical Preliminary Assessment Outline
Background ( Objective and List Activities)
Desc baseline situation
Potential Impacts
Mitigation & Monitoring
Recommend findings
3 Possible Findings
:
very unlikely to have significant adverse impacts
Specified mitigation & monitoring
Likely to have significant adverse impacts (full EIA required)
Mitigation
Implementation of measures design to reduce the effects of proposed action on environment.
Full EIA study
similar objective and structure with preliminary
Differs in important ways
:
Scoping process precedes study to ID issues to be addressed
Analysis more detailed
Impacts of each alternative must be identified & evaluated and the results compared.
public participation
Professional EIA team required
Basic Steps
Scope
Evaluate baseline situation
Identify & choose alternatives
Identify & characterize potential impacts
Compare alternatives
Develop mitigation and monitoring
Stakeholders of EIA
independent
party
Sponsor of activity
Review authorities
Broad-based public
Communities
Civil society
Private sector
Social Impact
Assessment
Public Consultation
Predict impacts facilitated by broad-based public consultation
Transparency and accessibility require disclosure to stakeholders
Effective EIA Study
Integral part of the project development cycle
undertaken early enough to affect project design
Mitigation & monitoring developed is implemented
Honest
Must consider real alternatives
Impacts assessed honestly
Transparent & Accesible
must be clear and accessible to key actors.
Malaysia Perspective
study?
identify, predict, evaluate & communicate about information impact of proposed projects
detail out mitigating measures prior to project approval & implementation
under?
Section 34A EQA 1974
19 Categories
Agriculture
Airport
Drainage & Irrigation
Land reclamation
Fisheries
Forestry
Housing
Industry
Infrastructure
Ports
Mining
Petroleum
Power generation
Quarries
Railways
Transportation
Resort & Recreational Development
Waste treatment Disposal
Water supply
Things to consider before do EIA
Project Concept
Site Selection
located in or adjacent to Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESA), defined as National Physical Plan (April 2015)
Definition ESA RANK 1
no development, agriculture, or logging shall be permit except for low-impact nature tourism, research and education
All protected areas, potential Protected Areas, wetlands and turtle landing sites
Catchment of existing and proposed dams
All areas above 1000m contour
Definition ESA RANK 2
no development or agriculture. Sustainable logging and low-impact nature tourism may be permitted subject to local constraints
All other forests, corridors, corridors linking important Protected Areas, buffer zone around Rank 1 areas
All areas between 300 - 1000m contour
Buffer Zone meaning
antara sitting and zoning industries
Definition ESA RANK 3
controlled development where the type and intensity of the development shall be strictly control depend on the nature of constraints
All marine park islands, buffer zone around Rank 2 areas.
Catchment for water intakes and groundwater extraction
All areas between 150m - 300m contour, all areas with erosion risk above 150 ton/ha/yr, all areas experience critical or significant coastal erosion