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The structures of intergovernmental relations, . - Coggle Diagram
The structures of intergovernmental
relations
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The relations that are of primary importance are those that obtain between the constituent units of a federation and the central government.
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there are the relations that obtains among the subnational units of a federation.
Federalism divides the sovereignty of the state between a central government and regional goverments
Shapes the structure of intergovernmental relations
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the society of which they are a part;
• the constitutional regime within which they are set
• the governmental institutions of which they are in part the expression
Demographic and geographical
factors
The size of the country
the size of the population
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the distribution of the population on the territoy may all affect the structures and processes of IGR
Social and cultural factors
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The racial, religious, linguistic
Cultural composition of a given country often sets the terms of the federal bargain, ruling in or out certain instituional forms and practices.
Historical factors
The force of tradition and common political
experience will affect the capacity of a federation to
sustain or overhaul its intergovernmental relations.
Constitutional and institutional
factors
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The number and relative size of the units in a federation
the degree of asymmetry among them
whether the country possesses a common law or civil law system,
whether the government is organised according to parliamentary or presidential/congressional principles
Political factors
The type of electoral system can have an
impact
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wartime conditions can sometimes lead to the effective suspension of the federal system and its normal pattern of intergovernmental relations.
Circumstantial factors
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if one considers the existence of an external threat, such as war, or an internal threat, such as secession, it is possible to appreciate the impact of such circumstantial factors on IGR
War typically has a dramatically centralising effect on states, federations included.
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wartime conditions can sometimes lead to the effective suspension of the federal system and its normal pattern of intergovernmental relations.
The structures of
intergovernmental relations
federations are, in a manner of speaking,
“pre-structural”
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A great deal of the intergovernmental business of any federation is conducted informally, by telephone, fax, and email, and in unstructured encounters among politicians and officials.
The degree of institutionalisation
The extent to which it is decision-making in
character.
The degree of transparency
Intra-jurisdictional IGR
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Several federations have provided for constitutional arrangements that in effect “federalise the centre”. They have brought the regions into the institutions of the central government.
Inter-jurisdictional IGR
relations between some or
all of the regional units and
the central government
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relations among some or all of the regional units themselves, in the absence of the central government.
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wide array of structures and arrangements federations have fashioned for themselves to facilitate interaction between the regional and the central governments, running from meetings of heads of government.
IGR and the judiciary
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Where disputes appear to be unresolvable through the normal processes of IGR, it is sometimes the case that a party to the conflict will choose to take the issue to the courts for definitive resolution.
this is not a normal intergovernmental relationship,although it offers participants a powerful, but risky strategic tool in the struggle to advance
war is the extension of diplomacy by other means, so the appeal to the courts can be understood as the extension of IGR into a different arena.
International and other forms of
IGR
Some of the contemporary challenges confronting federal and other states have clear
implications for IGR
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the aspirations of subnational units for greater self-determination call for the progressive redefinition of the relationships within the federation and the fashioning of new forms of intergovernmental cooperation
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the quest of indigenous peoples in several federations for self-government raises complex conceptual and policy issues concerning the appropriate relationship that might be established between these emergent political entities and the traditional structures of federalism.
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