Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Endocrine System
Grecia Lopez, Per. 1 - Coggle Diagram
Endocrine System
Grecia Lopez, Per. 1
-
Major endocrine glands/organs and their functions: 
Dorsal Cavity
Cranial Cavity:
Hypothalamus
- Produces thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
- Stimulates the release of TSH
- Its target organ is the pituitary gland
Pineal Gland
- Produces melatonin
- Melatonin controls and regulates sleep and wake cycles
- Its target organ is the brain
Pituitary Gland
- Produces adrenocorticotropic hormons such as ATCH and TSH
- Allows for the adrenal glands to secrete hormones
- Its target organ is the adrenal cortex
Vertebral Cavity:
Thyroid Gland
- Produces calcitonin and thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)
- Regulate the metabolism of the body alongside its growth and development
- Calcitonin's target organs are the bones while the thyroid hormones are all throughout the body.
Parathyroid Gland
- Produces parathyroid hormone (PTH)
- Releases calcium from the bones into the blood stream
- Targets the bones, intestines, and kidneys
Ventral Body Cavity
Abdominal Pelvic Cavity:
Kidney
- Produces erythropoietin
- Erythropoietin increases red blood cells
- Its primary target organ is the bone marrow
Pancreas
- Produces glucagon
- Glucagon lowers blood sugar levels
- Its target organ is the liver
- Produces insulin
- Insulin lowers blood sugar level
- Its target organs are the liver, skeletal muscles, and the adipocytes.
Adrenal Gland
- Produces epinephrine
- Epinephrine increase cardiac output and raises blood glucose levels
- Its target organs are the muscles and blood vessels found throughout the body
- Produces aldosterone
- Aldosterone regulates blood pressure by increasing salt and water reasorption
- Its target organs are the kidneys
- Produces norepinephrine
- Norepinephrine increases blood rate and glucose levels
- Its target organs are the muscles and blood vessels of the body
- Produces cortisol
- Cortisol increases sugar in the bloodstream to enhance metabolism
- It targets most cells throughout the human body.
Pelvic Cavity:
Ovaries
- Produce estrogen and progesterone
- Prepares the body for reproduction (giving birth)
- Targets the uterus, breasts, and pituitary gland
Testes
- Produces testosterone
- Its function is to regulate sex drive, reproduction (sperm), and growth
- Its target organs are sex organs found in the male reproductive system.
Thoracic Cavity
Thymus
- Produces thymosin (TRH)
- Thymosin produces what is called T cells which form part of the immune system to fight of diseases
- Its target organs are white blood cells
-
-
Homeostatic mechanisms of hormone regulation:
Hormone Regulation: Feedback Mechanisms
- A loop in which a product feeds back to regulate it’s production.
- Negative vs. Positive Feedback
Negative Feedback:
Production of a product decreases in order to bring things back to their normal state.
Example: Sweating or insulin lowering blood glucose when levels are high.
Positive Feedback:
Production of a product increases to allow for an enhanced output.
Example: Breastfeeding and labor contractions.
Most hormones are regulated by negative feedback, creating a certain amount of product in order to bring the body back to its normal state.
If negative feedback did not occur for a hormone, the hormone would be overproduced. This would lead the body to not be able to maintain balance for the effect of the hormone on the body would be too much.
Example: If growth hormone was not regulated within us by negative feedback mechanism, we would all be giants.