Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMFT) - Coggle Diagram
Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMFT)
What is it
Electrical current
Coil and ferromagnetic core
Magnetic field
Deep penetration
Clinical benefits
Restores cell voltage
Normal cell function
Neural activity
Enhances fracture healing
Pain relief
Acute pain
Chronic pain
Reduces inflammation and oedema
Practical application and settings
Acute pain
Base setting: 200Hz
PPS: Constant
Duration: 10-15 minutes
Frequency: Every 4 hours
Chronic pain
Base setting: 200Hz
PPS: 5
Duration: 10-15 minutes
Frequency: Every 4 hours
Acute oedema in dogs
PPS: 5
Duration: 10-15 minutes
Base setting: 50Hz
Frequency: Every 4 hours
Chronic oedema in horses
Base setting: 50Hz
PPS: 17.5
Duration: 15-20 minutes
Frequency: Every 4 hours
Bruising
Base setting: 50Hz
PPS: 5
Duration: 10-15 minutes
Frequency: Every 4 hours
Calming
Base setting: 50Hz
PPS: 17.5
Duration 20 minutes
Followed by 200/constant
Fracture
Base setting: 50Hz
PPS: Constant
Duration: 20 minutes
Frequency
3 times daily until callus is established
2 times daily until mobilised
Once daily until healed
Joint injury
Base setting: 50Hz
PPS: 17.5
Duration: 10-15 minutes
Frequency: Every 4 hours
Soft tissue/wounds
Base setting: 50Hz
PPS: 17.5
Duration: 10-15 minutes
Frequency: Every 4 hours
Neural issues
Base setting: 200Hz
PPS: Constant (50/17.5 first)
Duration:10-15 minutes
Frequency: Every 4 hours
Osteoporosis/non union fractures
Base setting: 50Hz
PPS: Constant
Can be used if fracture no longer healing
Cellular effects
Primary mechanism
Influx of calcium ions
Binding of calcium to calmodulin
Electromagnetic wave
Production of short burst nitric oxide
Upregulates endogenous anti-inflammatory responses
Enhances blood flow (vasodilator)
Increased production of growth factors
Re-establishes cell voltage
Upregulates celullar activity
Pain relief mechanism
Increase in nitric oxide produciton
Hyperpolarisation of the cell
-70 to -90mV
Cell voltage too low for release of chemical transmitters
Blocks pain signal
Bone healing mechanism
Wolffs law
Electromagnetic field
Similar bone response as to applied mechanical stress
Osteogenic activity
Increase cortical bone formation
Accelerated bone turnover and restoration of healthy bone
Calcium pathways
Influx of calcium
Calcium and calmodulin binding
Increased cell proliferation and osteoblast differentiation
Enhanced callus formation and maturation
Osteoarthritis mechanism
Chondroprotection
Increased chondrocyte proliferation
Increased synthesis of aggregan, type II collagen and EC matrix
Anti-inflammatory
Increased adenosine receptor expression
Reduction in prostaglandin and inflammatory cytokines
Bone remodelling
Enhanced osteoblast differentiation
Increased bone formation
Reduction of osteoclast synthesis
Increased structural integrity
Vasoconstriction (first 72 hours) mechanism
Re-established electrochemical gradient
Flow of ions
Redistributes fluids
Reduction in oedema
Increased adenosine receptor expression
Reduction in prostaglandins and inflammatory cytokines
Vasoconstriction
Reduces formation of oedema
Short burst nitric oxide
Anti-inflammatory
Vasodilation (post 72 hours)
Chronic conditions
Short burst nitric oxide
Dilation of capillary sphincters
Vasodilation
Increased oxygen and nutrient supply
Re-established electrochemical gradient
Increased uptake of oxygen and nutrients
Removal of waste products
Contraindications
Neoplasia
Virus
Pregnancy
Electrical implant
Over gonads or the brain
Haemorrhage
Heart condition
Skin condition
Target tissue and conditions
Pain relief
Bone healing
Acute pain
Chronic pain
Oedema
Bruising
Joint injury
Soft tissue and wounds
Neural issues
Deep penetration to deep tissue