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States of Matter - Coggle Diagram
States of Matter
the interconversions
- melting
- solid → liquid
- when a solid is heated, the particles gain more energy
- this makes the particles vibrate more, weakening the forces holding the particles together and causing it to expand
- at a certain temperature, the particles have enough energy to break free from their position
- evaporating
- liquid → gas
- when a liquid is heated, particles gain energy
- as the particles move, the bonds between them are weakened and they eventually break
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solids
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particles vibrate - the hotter the solid, the more they vibrate (causing the solid to expand slightly)
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definitions
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solute - a substance that dissolves in a liquid, forming a solution
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diffusion experiments
- aqueous ammonia and hydrogen chloride
- test in tube with cotton balls
- forms a white ring of ammonium chloride
- NEAREST THE HYDROCHLORIC ACID - ammonia particles are smaller and lighter so diffuse quicker
- potassium manganate in beaker of water
- purple colour of the potassium will slowly spread
- even purple colour throughout the beaker
- K particles diffused among the particles of water in a random motion - even spread
- bromine gas in air
- brown gas in half of the jar and air in the other half, separated by a glass plate
- once the plate is removed, bromine gas will slowly diffuse
- the random motion of particles means that the bromine will eventually diffuse right through the air
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dilution
increasing the volume of a solvent whilst maintaining the same amount of solvent increases the dilution of a solution