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Photobiomodulation (LASER) - Coggle Diagram
Photobiomodulation (LASER)
Global effects
Improved performance
Shorter rehab time
Improved ROM
Improved quality of movement
Target tissue and absorption
Absorbed by wet, moist, vascular tissue
Blood
Wounds
Superficial muscle
Joint capsule
Light pigmented skin
Conditions
Wounds and ulcers
Acute injury
Nerve compression and bruising
Gross oedema
Inflammatory conditions
Arthritis
Trigger points
Acupoints
Cellular effects
Photostimulatory pathway
Chromofor - cytochrome c oxidase
Dissociation of nitric oxide
Upregulation of ATP production
Increased cellular activity
Stimulation, activation and proliferation of inflammatory mediators and important substances
Pro-inflammatory
Photoinhibitory pathway
Nocioceptors
Dissociation of nitric oxide
Decreases COX-2, prostaglandins and interleuklin activity
Anti-inflammatory effect
Inhibition of A delta and C fibres
Slows conduction velocity
Reduces action potential
Inhibits substance P
Stimulates endogenous opioid release
Reduces pain
What is it
Monochromatic and coherent wavelength
600 - 1000nm
Red visible and near infrared light
Light in the form of photons
Contraindications
Eyes
Tumours
Infection
Haemorrhage
Photosensitivity
Anti-inflammatory
Steroid injections
Practical application
Photostimulatory setting
Dog
Pulse: 2-20Hz
Energy: 0.5-8 J/cm2
Horse
Pulse: 2-20Hz
Energy: 6-16 J/cm2
Photoinhibitory setting
Dog
Pulse: 700-10,000Hz
Energy: 24-48 J/cm2
Horse
Pulse: 700-10,000Hz
48-96 J/cm2
Requirements
Direct skin contact
Slight pressure
No massage or heat prior to avoid increased blood flow
Wound application
Cleaned and covered with cling film
No direct contact
Applied outside in to assist normal wound contraction
Spot, grid, scanning or cluster technique
Induction phase
30 seconds - 1 minute
Daily for 10 days - 1-2 day break
Maintenance phase
30 seconds - 1 minute
If and when necessary
Transition phase
30 seconds - 1 minute
1-3 times a week