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Death and Burial - Coggle Diagram
Death and Burial
Greek
funerals
preparation of the body
once a person had dies their eyes and mouth were closed . their body would be washed, perfumed and wrapped in a long white shroud.
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As a death had happened that house had now been polluted so a bowl of water was placed outside for people to clean themselves
once respects had been payed, the women would start their lament, by cutting their hair, dressing in black and wail to the deceased by beating their chest and failing their arms
The procession
Before dawn on the third day, the ekphora took place.this was from the house of the dead to the burial ground.
Burial of the body
similar to Romans, all dead were buried outside the city in order to reduce religious pollution, it also reduced the spread of disease.
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depending on the wealth of the family a stele my be set up for the deceased, with scenes carved into it about the deads life
once buried or cremated a sacrifice would take place in which the blood would be allowed to flow into the earth as an offering to Hades and Persephone
once buried a period of mourning started which lasted 30 days and on the 3rd, 9th, and 13th the family was obligated to visit the dead
similar to the Romans, It was important in Greece that everyone got buried in the proper way. No matter status or wealth.
festivals for the dead
the Antheseteria
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events
on the first day the dead were said to rise from the underworld and roamed the earth. libations were also poured to dionysus
on the second day families gathered to have drinking contests and libations were poured over the graves of the dead
on the final day, offerings were given to Hermes as along with Dionysus only they could travel to the underworld. And unlike normal offerings the living could not eat any of the food.
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Genesia
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during the day the graves of the dead were decorated with ribbons and offerings of food and blood sacrifices were held in honor of dead ancestors
Roman
Similar to Greeks it was very important that the dead were treated with respect and everyone got buried in the proper way no matter their wealth or status.
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One way all Romans afforded funerals was a funeral club. this was a monthly fee paid to the club and when a member dies the club paid for the funeral
funerals
preparation of the body
if possible the last breath of the dying would be captured with a kiss. the name of the dead would then be called out by anyone present. if they dies unaccompanied this was done in a ceremony after
the body was washed, dressed in their finest clothes, perfumed and a coin was placed in their mouth for payment to Charon
if wealthy, the body would be placed in the atrium for 8 days for family and friends to pay their respects
the procession
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it involved flute and horn players, the deceased's family, slaves and freedmen. some even hired profession mourners and actors
members of the family would wear funerary masks of their ancestors to symbolize the acceptance into the afterlife
burial of the body
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wealthy families, similar to Greeks, would be buried in a family tomb or individual monument
the super-rich would also be placed in a sarcophagi, containing reliefs of mythological battles
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once buried the dead could not be forgotten or they would come back as manes. to top this there was a marble bust placed in the house that had to offered wine and food
festivals for the dead
the parentalia
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during the festivals people were not permitted to marry, temples were closed and no official business was allowed to take place
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offerings were taken to the tombs of the dead on days 1-8 and on the 9th day a family would meet to share a meal in the home
the Lemuria
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a ritual to ward off spirits was completed in which the participants hands are washed, then black beans are thrown, their hands are washed again and a bronze symbol is sounded