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Gamete Production & Fertilisation - Coggle Diagram
Gamete Production & Fertilisation
Gamete Production in the Testes
Testes are the site of gamete production in males
Sperm is the male gamete
Sperm is produced in the seminiferous tubules and testosterone is produced in the interstitial cells
The prostate gland and seminal vesicles (accessory glands) produce fluid for sperm to swim in - semen provides energy and maintains mobility and viability of the sperm
Gamete Production in the Ovaries
An ovum/ ova are the female gametes
Ova are produced by germline cells in the ovaries
Each ovum is protected by a follicle - a fluid-secreting sac surrounding it that releases hormones
Each ovary is connected to the uterus by an oviduct (fallopian tube)
Fertilisation
Mature ova are released from the ovaries into the oviduct to be fertilised by sperm to form a zygote
Fertilisation is the fusion of the nucleus of a male gamete with the nucleus of a female gamete
Process:
Egg is released from the ovary and moves to the oviduct
Sperm enters through the vagina and travels up the cervix
Egg and sperm meet in the Oviduct and fertilisation occurs
Development of Ova
1) Follicular Phase
FSH is released by the pituitary gland
The hormone stimulates the development of the follicle in the ovaries
The maturing follicle secretes Oestrogen
Oestrogen proliferates the endometrium to prepare for implantation
2) Ovulation
This causes the release of the ova from the follicle
High oestrogen levels stimulate a surge in LH from the pituitary
Body temperature increases by about 0.5 degrees celsius
3) Luteal Phase
Follicle degenerates and becomes a corpus luteum
This secretes progesterone and promotes development and vasculariasation of the endometrium
Body temperature remains high
High levels of ovarian hormones inhibit secretion of pituitary hormones - this negative feedback effect prevents more follicles from developing