regolith removal and decrease in co2 emissions at the MPT
Holocene is the last 10,000 years
spatial and temporal variation of external and internal forcing functions, these are things that move systems away from equilibrium.
increase in volcanism- volcanic ash in cores from 2.6Ma
tectonic uplift of mid lat regions- Tibetan Plateau and Himalayas. increased dustiness and aridity, more weathering from uplift of glaciation
distribution of land masses- wegener. isolation of Antarctica, poleward migration of land masses, isthmus of Panama closing, separation of Antarctica and Australia.
orbital forcing- Croll/Milankovitch. changes in the earths orbit, seasons in NH are influenced by inception and decay of ice. eccentricity, obliquity, precession
paleo-environmental records- ice cores, ocean/lake cores, loess soil sequences and river terraces
passed 400ppm threshold in sept 2016
glacial inception postponed by up to 600Kyr.
Quaternary period is the last 2.6 million years.