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Active Transport - Coggle Diagram
Active Transport
Challenges
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Politics
- Politicians like big infrastructure spending that are flashy e.g. motorway, intersection upgrades. - Walkability is often undervalued by city governments and developers because the benefits are widespread and long-term.
- Lack of overall responsibility / targetted investment > Lack of longer term dedicated walking budget
- Walking viewed through pedestrian safety lens to be coddled, rather than a useful and positive transport mode to be encouraged
But it can be popular if community buy in there
- Familes / business / economic opportunities
- Regeneration
- new services / attractions
- land value, safety, worker density and other eoonomic benefits sold
Infrastructure Planning maturity low for walking
- Not included in BC often due to poor AT economic framework > ATAP guidelines aren't easily applied/are lacking
- Not bugedted/accounted for
- Not enough consideration with cross sector synergy e.g. health, climate change
- Historically ignored at State/Fed level, left to local government > low consideration in planning / data collection / funding secured.
- Lack of AT/Walking projects on IA IP List
- Lack of Federal walking strategy
- QLD Walking Strategy is quite novel in this way 2020, good to review it
- ATAP lack of monetisation factor for speerate benefit streams of AT (rather than lumped benefit factor)
Walking:
Historically Poor data collection to inform investment planning
- 'Invisible transport mode' and lumped in with cycling
- Part of all PT trips, but not main part and therefore ignored
Lumping of walking and cycling modes together as AT when they are distinct requirements
- up to 90% of AT trips may be walking, we underestimate this
- Walking overlooked in current investment - on fringe of multiple government bodies
Safety
- Much worse for women at night, CPTED improvements
Current BC/CBA practice main benefit stream is time saving to cars
- Walking projects that may impact on car mode performance seen negatively in CBA process
- Walking environment benefit is linked to other factors in broader planning processes, considering projects in isolation not as effective as considering at city planning level due to broader environmental development relations
- Current investment appraisal methods are not well suited to justifying investments based on planning considerations and wider benefits.
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Environmental: Facilitate connection to nature and cleaner air
- Transport is ~ 25% of global CO2 emissions - Climate Change (16% in Aus)
- Transport related air pollution cauase heart and lung disease long term
- Improved air quality, noise reduction, urban microclimate (heat)
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Contribute to physical and mental health
- Only 45% meet recommended physical activity guidelines
- People walk to think about problems, meditate, de-stress etc
- reduce noise pollution
Independence for people - young, old, disabled
- Health benefit - obesity and related chronic disease - cardiovascular, diabetes, musculoskeletal, cancers
- Social/community interaction > mental health benefit
- Independence from car > mental health
- kids walk to school/friends and get to know local area, elders walk to shops/community/services
- Aging population means this need is growing
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Social/community benefit when people can walk/talk/engage with community (friends, neighbour, kids, parents) compared to car dominated areas
- reduced isolation
- improved equitable access and inclusivessness
- increased community ties, bottom up activisim/design/pride and sense of community/ citizen empowerment/responsibility
Place making
- active frontage
- variety of function
- inviting shops / cafes
- seating
- shading
- opportunities to socialise
- artist performance and people gathering
Mode shift from car to AT, reduces:
- congestion
- crashes
- emissions
- maintenance costs
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Increase inclusivness - traffic infrastructure can provoke physical/social segregation and reduce accessiblity
Economics of walkable areas
- Place making/ retail spend - local econoy
- City attractiveness for workers/residents- global economy pull / tourism - beauty
- Land value
- Development / urban regeneration
- higher job density
- If car dependence is removed, families save money on transport costs
- Lower congestion costs as shift from low occupancy car to AT trips
- Reduced absenteesim through improved mental/physical health
- improved creativity of people/workers
- Reduced congestion
- Redcued crash costs and severity
- Reduced crime rates in walkable areas when density develops / passive surveillance
- Reclaim underused road space/car parks for people / road diets to create better use of land next to streets
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