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The Five States of Matter - Coggle Diagram
The Five States of Matter
5 states of matter
Gas matter
It is a collection of particles that move randomly.
Has no definite shape or volume.
Plasma
Usually an ionized gas, meaning a gas that has free electrons stripped from the atoms so that the electrons.
The ions can move independently which allows a charge to be conferred to the gas.
Liquid matter
Retains its volume.
Adapts to the shape of the container it is in.
The Bose-Einstein condensate
Atoms in this state coalesce into what has been termed a “super atom”, can no longer be distinguished from one another.
It isn't natural, it is created in the lab.
Happens when matter is super-cooled to a few billionths of a degree above absolute zero.
Solid matter
Retains its shape and volume.
Resists any changes to its shape.
Chemical properties of matter
Heat of combustion
Energy released when a chemical combusts completely with oxygen.
The value of the combustion reaction is measured by the amount of heat released during the combustion.
Flammability
: A measure of how easily a substance will ignite, resulting either in fire or combustion.
Chemical stability / equilibrium
occurs when the chemical activities or concentrations of the reactants and products of the reaction have no net change over time.
Bonding preference
: The tendency of matter to form a specific type of bond as a result of a chemical process.
Transformation capacity
: the capacity of matter to undergo specific transformations
Oxidation state
Oxidation state describes the number of electrons an atom has gained or lost relative to its original number of electrons
Gain electrons --> ion has additional negative charge ==>
reduction reaction
.
Lost electrons --> ion is more positively charged.
If two atoms, one atom gained e, one atom lost e, and form a bond ==>
redox reaction
.
Coordination number
: the number of atoms near a central atom in a chemical compound.
Toxicity
: All matter can be poisonous if ingested in large enough quantities, even water.
pH
Balance: pH = 7
Acids: they have more hydrogen ions present than pure water, so pH < 7
Bases: they have fewer hydrogen ions than pure water, so PH > 7
Ionization potential
The reluctance of an atom or ion to let go of an electron
The strength with which the electron is bound to the atom or ion
Reactivity
: The rate at which a chemical substance undergoes a chemical reaction.
Electronegativity
: ability of an atom to attract electrons to form a covalent bond