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Motives for Sport and Exercise Doping - Coggle Diagram
Motives for Sport and Exercise Doping
IPEDS
Substances taken with the intention of altering physical or cognitive performance, or physical appearance, to benefit the substance user.
“Benefit” is highly
subjective
and
individual
A drug can be an IPED, regardless of whether it really ‘works’
Categorising IPEDs
(Van de Ven et al., 2020)
Muscle drugs
- anabolic steroids, build muscle but have a low body fat.
Weight loss drug
- motive is minimal body fat, slim physique
Image enhancing effects
- cosmetic effects, cultural motives
Key Motivators for IPED use
Performance-Focussed
Faster, higher, stronger
Repeated performance
Making weight
Aesthetic-Focussed
Increase muscle mass
Decrease body fat
Weight loss
Others
Injury recovery
Pain management
Affect regulation
Lifestyle
Career
Murray et al. (2016)
Data collected in the gym and needle exchange clinics (collect equipment to inject drugs, harm reduction measure).
People’s use of aesthetic and performance drugs decreased over time but combination of 2 increased.
Muscle dysmorphia - when a person perceives their muscles to be smaller than they are.
Link between motives and eating disorder - aesthetic is the highest intake, protective effect of performance over eating disorder because individuals understand how to fuel themselves and will avoid an eating disorder.
Link between muscle dysmorphia and motives - highest risk in aesthetic and lowest in performance.
Motives or Illicit use of Doping Substances Among Athletes
(Billard et al., 2011)
Drivers across the sports might have changed overtime but otherwise this paper is current.
Cycling
Disease, performance, and social norm of the sport were the highest motives
Body building
Muscle strength, social norm of social sport and disturbance in body image were the highest motives.
Football
Social norms with society, anxiety, and muscle strength were the highest motives.