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Radioactivity, 7.14, neutron radiation - Coggle Diagram
Radioactivity
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nuclear fission
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U-235 absorbs a slow moving neutron, causing its nucleus to split into 2 radioactive daughter nuclei, a few neutrons and gamma rays
the produced neutrons from one reaction can then be absorbed by another U-235 nucleus, causing it to decay - a chain reaction
to ensure the chain reaction occurs, the moderator (often graphite or water) in the nuclear reactor slows down the neutrons so they can be absorbed
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the ionising radiation released during fission (neutrons and gamma) are absorbed by the shielding (often thick concrete that may contain lead or other materials)
ionising radiation
alpha particles (a)
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big, heavy and slow moving
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isotope - atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons OR the same atomic number but a different mass number
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nuclear fusion
the creation of larger nuclei resulting in a loss of mass from smaller nuclei, accompanied by a release of energy
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it requires high pressures and temperatures to overcome the electrostatic repulsion of the protons in the nuclei
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ionisation is where ionising radiation bashes into atoms, knocking electrons off them and leaving an ion
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