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Locke, Locke does not talk about any ideal form of government, only the…
Locke
Principles
Locke was an empiricist, believing that experience led to common sense and that there’s no such thing as innate ideas.
He was in favor of religious tolerance promoted by the State, and that this would led to a greater variety of ideas.
One is not born a "person" but can become one, by taking responsibility for his choices through reason.
Education helps people get rid of their prejudices and emotions and better develop reason. However, reason can lead to different conclusions
Reason creates natural law, which prohibits men from killing others or themselves, even though they enjoy complete freedom in the natural state.
The social contract
Man is naturally sociable, but this won’t necessarily lead to society, it depends on individual choices.
Private property already exists in the State of Nature, as it’s created by one’s own labour. However, he also advocated that whatever is wasted can be taken. Those who don’t work have no place in society.
Money is an exception, as more can always be made.
Domination should come from consent, as force and tradition are not valid reasons. Tyrants should be overthrown.
The State of nature doesn’t always lead to war, but it usually does, so the ruler is necessary, as sharing the power would make it weaker.
Chapters I, II and III
Adam did not have any paternal or God given right over Eve, instead, he ruled by consent and according to Natural Law.
The state of nature provides perfect freedom, and rationality plus self-preservation leads to the creation of society.
One can't hurt another that did not violate Natural Law, for this would hurt humanity. In case of injustice, the offended can request reparations.
Man is kind to his friends and brutal to his enemies, making a state formed by consent necessary for stability.
In an absolute monarchy, man has little bargaining power, and thus this state is less preferable than the state of nature.
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Chapters IV and V
Slavery is a form of absolute dominance, unlike servitute, thus Locke opposed slavery.
Warfare howerver, is legitimate, as the enslaved has the option to refuse being enslaved and simply die. However, in the case of Africa, there was no war and thus no legitimacy.
Private property is acquired through work, however it should be plentiful and not wasted.
God has made land plentiful and work makes it more valuable, money being a reward for it, so there's always enough.
To deal with conflicts over land, a state eventually becomes necessary.
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Chapters IX
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The legislative determines how force shall be used through laws. They don't have to be always active, but their laws do.
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Locke does not talk about any ideal form of government, only the traits it should have.