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germany 1919-1991 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - 'cold war' - no fighting, between usa and ussr
      - yalta decisions (feb 1945) - germany split into 4, stalin has sphere of influence, berlin divided, all nazi freed nations can set up their own government again
      - potsdam decisions (july 1945) - reduce germany military, russia can take reparations from the soviet zone of germany
    - - truman doctrine (12 mar 1947) - it was the usa's duty to help europe
      - marshall aid (june 1947) - george marshall (george marshall) went to europe and saw how poor it was, he went back and america decided to give $17 billion to help europe recover
- - - - farming disrupted, farmers went to front line
      - uk blocked german borders, no food allowed in
    - - war guilt
      - economic terms - $6600 million of reparations
      - land loss (and loss of all colonies)
        
        alsace - lorraine and the saar- given to france
        
        poland given a path to the sea
        
        eupen, upper silesa and malmedy - given to poland
        
        northern schlefuig - given to denmark
      - military terms
        
        army reduced to 100,000
        
        6 battleships, no submarines and airforce allowed
    - - kaiser fled to holland due to protest against him
        
        germany left with no leader
      - the reichstag became weaker
  - - - president
        
        had article 48 and elected every 7 years
      - chancellor
        
        head of government
      - reichstag and reichsrat
        
        democratic - proportion of vote + proportion of seats
      - electrate (men and women over 20)
  - - - ex soldiers (friekorps) were used to try an settle them
    - - kapp putsch - led by wolfgang kapp, tried to take over berlin and bring back kaiser
  - - - germans fight back with passive resistance - not beneficial because less coal is produced
- - - - caused government to collapse because the usa withdrawed their loan, social democrats withdrew from collation, article 48 used
        
        caused rise in extremism (nazis and communists)
      - 40% of factory workers became unemployed, buisnesses closed, farmers were put in debt and young people struggled to get jobs
- - - - incorpretation of the 'motherhood cross' - 8 children
- - - - the most intelligent east germans had previoisly found a way out into west germany - east germnay couldn't afforrd to keep losing their most intelligent people
    - - walter ulbritcht - secretary of the socialist unity party
      - nikita kruhshcher - leader of the soviet union
      - john f kennedy - new president of the usa
  - - - 1970 moscow treaty - non agression agreement
      - 1971 warsaw treaty - germans caught in polish land, can move back to west germany
      - 1971 4 powers treaty - berlin's state is permanent
      - 1972 basic treaty - east + west germany try to have friendly relations, disputes are to be settled
- - - - how his 'economic miracle' happened
        
        $1.4 billion from usa to prevent communism
        
        supplied manufactured goods from Korean war (1950 - 53)
        
        cheap workers from abroad
        
        introduction of new currency (stability)
        
        european coal and steel community
      - 99.5% now employed
    - - lower house elected by the people (Bundestag)
        
        elect the chancellor
      - upper house (Bundesraat)