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Team theories - Coggle Diagram
Team theories
Tuckman's (1977) grp formation theory:
- grp formation stages are natural part of grp development
- with new task/ people, grp can move back & forth btw diff stages
- understanding stages help view confusion, upset or destruction in meetings & teamwork a necessary part of successful grp life
Stage 1: Forming
- getting to know, grp members focus on being busy w task
- low trust, min achievement
- behaviour driven by desire to be accepted by others, people tend to agree if possible
- individuals gather info & impressions of each other, scope of task & approaching methods
Stage 2: Storming
- explore relationships
- sufficient trust for people to disagree w
- people w responsibility/ leaders are challenged
- diff ideas compete for consideration, disputes may arise, can be uncomfortable/ upsetting to members who don't like conflict
- tensions btw individuals & win sub-groups (dependent on grp size)
Stage 3: Norming
- grp establish own structure & rules, leads to grp cohesion
- grp becomes clearer abt shared purpose
- decisions made abt teamwork & honour everyone's contribution
- feeling of grp coming tgt & belonging
Stage 4: performing
- grp become "mature" & productive
- can lead to achievement (if grp have realistic aims & objectives and is focused)
- everyone understands their role & task
Stage 5: Adjourning
- task completed, grp no longer needed, grp will cease
Belbin's team roles
Action oriented
- shaper
- implementer
- completer
- finisher
People oriented
- coordinator
-team worker
-resource investigator
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Grp formation
- usually as a result of being given a problem
- task driven
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Advantages of team work
- tackle greater variety of complex issues by pooling expertise & resources
- problems exposed to greater diversity of knowledge, skill & experience
- approach boost morale & ownership thru participative decision making
- improvement opportunities crossing departmental/ functional boundaries more easily addressed
- recommendations more likely implemented than if from individual
Why teamwork fail?
- personalities win team too similar
- no clear leadership
- very strong members intimidate others
- too many members confuses task
- "jokers" distracts from task & can divide team thru "silly" behaviour
- "scape-goating" where team blame 1 person for errors/ lack of progress
- some members may "shut down" where member stops being productive & sits back (can be caused by "scape-goating" or lack of knowledge or frustration)