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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The state shoud not interfere so
        
        There should be free competition between businesses. This will lead to better quality products and lower prices.
        
        Merchants should be able to import and export goods without
        restrictions, since this will increase trade and result in greater profits.
        
        Manufacturers should be free to produce the goods that they want to produce so they can respond to the demands of the market.
  - - - Characteristics
        
        Objectives: both aimed to produce profits to be reinvested in business.
        
        Consequences: both led to an increase of social inequalities, because the state does not interfere to solve problems such as people losing their jobs, unemployment or poor working conditions.
        
        Interests: both served the interests of wealthy capitalists and business owners.
- - - - employers could dismiss and fine workers without restrictions
      - workers did not have the right to protest or go on strike, or even meet and discuss their conditions.
      - they worked 14-16 hours a day and wages were very low. Children and women often worked to increase the family income, but their wages were lower.
      - there was no social insurance or benefits to help workers in case of illness, accident or unemployment. They lost their wages and they could be dismissed at any time without compensation.
      - machinery was unprotected and accidents and injuries were common
  - - - These were associations of workers in particular types of work that demanded improved working conditions and better wages and also supported their members in cases of accident or illness.
    - - Demanded political changes, including universal manhood suffrage and laws to improve working conditions.
    - - They were hostile to new technology because they thought that machines took jobs from workers. As a result, they often protested by destroying machines in the factories.
- - - - Middle class: civil servants, lawyers, doctors, small merchants, artisans and farmers with lands.
      - Working class lived in conditions of extreme poverty: proletariat and agricultural labourers.
      - Upper class, characterised by high levels of wealth, property and income: nobility and bourgeois capitalists.
- - - - Developed by Mikhail Bakunin, rejected the dictatorship of the
        proletariat and proposed an ideal society based on
        
        Communes
        
        Society would be reorganised into small, independent groups called communes in which all decisions would be taken by popular assemblies and the profit would be shared up basing on everyone’s work.
        
        Direct action
        
        People had to defend their interests and fight for their freedom through their own actions, not through political parties or elections. For some Anarchists, direct action included violent attacks and even murder.
        
        Individual freedom
        
        People had to fight against any authority or institution (the state or the Church, for example) that limited their freedom.
    - - Was developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in their book The Communist Manifesto (1848) and in Marx’s book The Capital (1864). Marxism's ideal society was based on
        
        The dictatorship of the proletariat
        
        Once in power, the workers' dictatorship would control the economy and redistribute wealth equally among all members of society: there would’n be private property and workers would own the means of production, not as individuals, but rather as members of the society they all belonged to. The state would control, plan and organise how the means of production would be used, and all economic activity would be collective.The State is essential in that dictatorship since it regulates the production and the working conditions, but it had to be led by the workers.
        
        Communism
        
        in place of the old class-based society, there would be a new Communist society in which everyone would be equal. Socialist Parties and Socialist Trade Unions grew all across Europe following Marx’s principles. The oldest party is the Social Democratic Workers Party (SPD) in Germany (1875). In Spain, PSOE was founded in 1879.
        
        Class struggl
        
        Workers don’t receive as much as they produce and meanwhile the owners of the means of production obtain the surplus value, which is the difference between the value of work and the wage received by the worker. The oppressed proletariat would then organise itself and fight its capitalist oppressor, the wealthy bourgeoisie.