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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND THE WORKING-CLASS MOVEMENT - Coggle Diagram
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND THE WORKING-CLASS MOVEMENT
LIBERALISM AND CAPITALISM
INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM
is a system that puts in practice the ideas of economic liberalism, industrial is the most important economic activity
Interests: both served the interests of wealthy capitalists and business owners.
Objectives: both aimed to produce profits to be reinvested in business.
ECONOMIC LIBERALISM
is the theory based on the ideas of Adan Smith, that defends freedom of production and free trade.
CLASS BASED SOCIETY
had its origins in the political and economic changes that had taken place during the revolutions of the late 18th century. As a result of the French Revolution,
CHARACTERISTICS
◦ Upper class, characterised by high levels of wealth, property and income: nobility and bourgeois capitalists.
◦ Middle class: civil servants, lawyers, doctors, small merchants, artisans and farmers with lands.
◦ Working class lived in conditions of extreme poverty: proletariat and agricultural labourers.
WORKING CLASS POLITICAL MOVEMENTS
In 1811, the Luddites emerged. They were hostile to new technology because they thought that machines took jobs from workers. As a result, they often protested by destroying machines in the factories.
In the 1820s, the first trade unions were founded in Britain. These were associations of workers in particular types of work that demanded improved working conditions and better wages and also supported their members in cases of accident or illness.
In 1838 the Chartist movement was established and demanded political changes, including universal manhood suffrage and laws to improve working conditions.
LEFT-WING IDEOLOGIES
MARXISM
Class struggle: Marxism defends that economic relations have explained all human relations throughout history, because people need to produce in order to survive and very few people own the means of production, so there is a division of labour
The dictartoship of the proletariat
Communism
ANARCHISM
rejected the dictatorship of the
proletariat and proposed an ideal society based on:
INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM
people had to fight against any authority or institution that limited their freedom
DIRECT ACTION
people had to defend their interests and fight for their freedom through their own actions, not through political parties or elections.