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The Industrial Revolution and the Working-class political movements -…
The Industrial Revolution and the Working-class political movements
Liberalism and Capitalism
Industrial capitalism
Is a system which puts in practice the ideas of economic
liberalism. For industrial capitalists, industrial production is the most important economic activity.
Economic liberalism
Is the theory based on the ideas of Adam Smith that
defends freedom of production and free trade to be the essential conditions foreconomic growth and development to take place.
The class-based society
Upper class:nobility and bourgeois capitalists.
Middle class: Civil servants, lawyers, doctors, small merchants,artisans and farmers with lands.
Working class lived in conditions of extreme poverty: proletariat and agricultural labourers.
Left-wing ideologies
Anarchism
Individual freedom
People had to fight against any authority or
institution (the state or the Church, for example) that limited their
freedom.
Direct action
People had to defend their interests and fight for their
freedom through their own actions, not through political parties or
elections.
Marxism
The dictatorship of the proletariat
The proletariat would take political
power.
Communism
In place of the old class-based society, there would be a
new Communist society in which everyone would be equal.
Class struggle
Marxism defends that economic relations have
explained all human relations throughout history.
Working-class political movements
As industrial capitalism became more established, the differences between the economic and social conditions of the bourgeoisie and proletariat increased significantly.