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物質使用障礙症substance use disorder - Coggle Diagram
物質使用障礙症substance use disorder
DSM-5診斷準則DSM-5 Diagnostic Guide
一種適應不良的物質使用模式，造成功能明顯減損。一年內有以下兩個或兩個以上的症狀則屬之:
1.無法實踐責任
2.在對身體有害的情境下仍重複使用
3.重複造成人際關係問題
4.即使該物質已造成問題仍繼續使用
5.耐受性
6.戒斷症狀
7.比預期花更多時間使用或使用更大量
8.努力想減少或控制使用但不成功
9.花費許多時間以取得該物質
10.放棄或減少社交、嗜好或工作
11.強烈渴望使用該物質
Substance use disorder is a maladaptive pattern of substance use that causes significant impairment of function. If there are two or more of the following symptoms within a year, it belongs to:
Unable to practice responsibility
Repeated use in situations that are harmful to the body
Repetition causes interpersonal problems
Continue to use the substance even if it has caused a problem
Tolerance
Withdrawal symptoms
Spend more time or use more than expected
Efforts to reduce or control use but unsuccessful
It takes a lot of time to obtain the substance
Give up or reduce social interactions, hobbies, or work
Strong desire to use the substance
病因Cause
遺傳Genetic
研究顯示病態飲酒的親屬或子女，患有酒精障礙症的比率高於一般人Studies have shown that relatives or children who drink alcohol in a way have a higher rate of alcohol disorders than the average person
神經生物因子Neurobiological factors
誘因+敏感話理論(incentive-sensitization theory)探討對藥物的渴望(wanting)和想要(liking)
心理因子Psychological factor
人格因素Personality factor
人格因素包括高度的負向情感(negative emotionality)
對酒精與藥物效應的期望Expectations for the effects of alcohol and drugs
人們期望酒精能幫助他們放鬆People expect alcohol to help them relax
情緒改變Mood changes
藥物可提升正面情緒或減少負面情緒Drugs can increase positive emotions or reduce negative emotions
社會文化因素Sociocultural factors
個案所處的社會環境和文化會影響物質使用The social environment and culture of the case will affect material use
酒精使用障礙症Alcohol Use Disorder
盛行率:8.5%Prevalence: 8.5%
治療方法treatment method
認知及行為治療Cognitive and behavioral therapy
匿名戒酒會Anonymous abstinence
住院治療Hospitalization
症狀:震顫性瞻妄
藥物使用障礙症Drug use disorder
症狀symptom
抑制劑:帶來愉悅感而後轉為困倦Inhibitors: bring pleasure and then turn to sleepiness
興奮劑: 神經會不斷被刺激很興奮Stimulants: the nerves will be constantly stimulated and excited
迷幻劑:產生幻覺，妄想和夢幻狀態Hallucinogens: produce hallucinations, delusions and dream states
治療方法treatment method
心理治療Psychotherapy
藥物替代治療和藥物治療Drug Replacement Therapy and Drug Therapy
菸草使用障礙症Tobacco use disorder
盛行率:18%Prevalence: 18%
治療方法treatment method
心理治療Psychotherapy
尼古丁替代治療和藥物治療Nicotine replacement therapy and medication
症狀:呼吸道疾病、肺部癌病變、罹患心血管疾病機率增高Symptoms: increased risk of respiratory diseases, lung cancer, and cardiovascular diseases