The Second Estate consisted of the nobles. These people were born into this position of wealth and prestige. They paid very little in taxes, despite their wealth and they had rights over peasant lands and received priority in getting top jobs in government.

The Third Estate included everyone else from the middle class down, from doctors to lawyers to the homeless and poor. This was the largest Estate, with roughly 98% of the population included in it. The middle class of France is referred to as the Bourgeoisie.

This produced what is known as the rebellion of the privileged, the total opposition of nobility and clergy to said reform.

In 1787 and 1788 the two estates demanded the king summon to the General States, which had not met for a century. They did not know it, but there the French Revolution was about to break loose.

On 14th of July 1789, the masses rose and seized the medieval fortress, known as The Bastilla. End of the Former Regime and the beginning of the French Revolution.

A real social earth was caused both in France and throughout Europe, including far away from Russia, because of the takeover of the fortress-prison, image of the despotism of the French Monarchy.

Napoleon was the general who welded the French armies into a combat force that defeated the other armies of Europe for 20 years, from 1795 to 1815. His division contained infantry, artillery, and cavalry. He assembled two or three divisions into a corps to make larger units for battle. He expanded France`s Empire.

Bonaparte evolved his politics: he started as a Republican but then concentrated all the powers. And although he defended aspects of the revolution (such as equality before the law and the development of the Civil, Criminal, and Mercantile codes, which support a regime of law), he exercised a personal power and ended up proclaiming himself emperor.

Napoleon was defeated by the combined army of England, Prussia and Austria (Waterloo, June 1815), after which the kings decided, in the so-called Congress of Vienna (1815), restore the Old Regime, with the same dynasties that had been on the thrones, and curb in line with liberal ideas.

The generalized economic crisis in Europe and the workers' discontent led to a rapid and extensive wave of revolutions in 1848, also known as La Primavera de Los Pueblos. But, like the previous ones, they were dominated by force and did not succeed. In all these changes, the great winner is the bourgeoisie, for its influence in the different regimes, and the consolidation of the free market. Meanwhile, the European proletariat failed to maintain its conquests and continued with poor working conditions until the 20th century.