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The Liver and Haemostasis - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The intestinal microbiome consists of trillions of microbes such as bacteria and viruses that all live in the gastrointestinal tract. there are several factors that can affect the composition of the intestinal microbiome such as age, sex, race, hormonal status, and the intestinal immune system. the microbiota live in a harmonious diversity with the host. this leads to a mutual exchange that results in many advantageous roles such as the maintenance of a normal immune system, prevention of pathogen colonization, and nutrient digestion and absorption. They all have a significant impact on the physiological and pathological processes of the host.
        Regardless of the microbiome's diversity, there are common functional properties that are shared across bacterial subcommunities. If there are any changes in one sector of the subpopulation, their roles will be compensated by other sectors which share a similar purpose. this is usually determined by their preference for metabolic substrate and the metabolites they produce.
        Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most aggressive form of the disease comapred to alcoholic fatty liver disease. It's also a growing contributor to the burden of end stage liver disease, as well as resulting to cirrhosis which can affect up to 20% of individuals.
        The intestinal microbiome plays a crucial role in the metabolism of dietary choline. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is known to be a result of choline deficiency which is due to high-fat diets and low-choline diets. two bacterias that are usually identified in choline deficiency-induced fatty liver are Firmicutes/Erysipelotrichi and Proteobacteria/Gammaproteobacteria.
        There is more just keep researching and rephrasing
    - - Overconsumption of alcohol can lead to stress and damage to the liver. Alcohol, e.g. ethanol, is mostly metabolized in the main liver parenchymal cells of the liver, such as hepatocytes, which make up 70% of the liver's mass. as the liver is the primary site of ethanol metabolism, it sustains a great degree of injury, resulting to a wide variety of hepatic lesions such as steaotsis, hepatitis, and fibrosis/cirrhosis. Steatosis is the earliest sign to excessive alcohol intake and it is characterized by the accumulation of fat in the hepatocytes. Steatosis can evolve into steatohepatits, which is a more severe, inflammatory type of liver injury. this phase of liver disease can lead to the development of fibrosis,which causes an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. This response will begin with an active pericellular fibrosis, which will evolve into cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is identified by the extreme liver scarring, vascular alterations, and ultimately liver failure.