The unequal distribution of wealth and power among the three estates of French society became more acute in the 18th century. of French society became more acute in the eighteenth century. The clergy (first estate) and the nobility (second estate) were the privileged ones: they did not pay taxes, owned most of the land, received taxes and alms from the peasants. The third or common state lacked privileges and had to pay taxes. It was a very diverse group, from the poorest to the richest bourgeois, all upset and resentful, some because of hunger and others because of lack of access to political power. The situation worsened in the 1780s, after a series of bad harvests, which produced a rise in prices, especially for bread. This provoked popular revolts. The ideas of the Enlightenment were among the bourgeoisie, a movement of thinkers who applied reason, believed in the dignity of the human being, denied that power came from God, affirmed that the true sovereign was the people, proposed the separation of the three powers (Executive, Legislative and Judicial), and the equality of all citizens before the law, abolishing all privileges. It was a time of political and social rebellion in France that began in 1789 due to the inequalities that existed between the rich and the poor.

The Second Estate was formed by the nobles who were born into this position of wealth and prestige and paid almost no taxes and had rights over the peasants' lands and received priority in obtaining high positions in the government.

To solve the unbridled luxury of the court, those of his wife - the Austrian, this produced what is known as the rebellion of the privileged, the total opposition of the nobility and the clergy to such reform. In 1787 and 1788 the two estates demanded that the king convene the Estates General, which had not met for a century.

His debt, aggravated by French involvement in the American Revolution, led Louis to levy new taxes and reduce privileges.

July 14, 1789, the masses took the medieval fortress . End of the Ancien Régime and the beginning of the French Revolution Revolution. A real land was caused both in France, including the distant Russia, because of the seizure of the fortress, image of the despotism of the French Monarchy. Then the Girondins, wishing to abolish the monarchy with order and respect. And the Jacobins, led by Maximilien wanted to bring to justice the king and all the nobles. The assembly decreed the abolition of feudal rights and forged the declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. The King accepts the Constitution, without embedding, the absolute monarchies oppose it.

Napoleon is a general who welded the French armies into a fighting force and defeated many European armies. and defeated many armies of Europe. He expanded the Empire of France, with a reaction that displaced the Jacobins. The Convention drew up a new Constitution, an executive power composed of five members. But Napoleon Bonaparte, a general who had excelled in the defense of revolutionary France against Prussia and Austria, staged a coup d'état that put an end to the Directory and the French Revolution. Bonaparte began as a republican but later concentrated all powers. And although he defended aspects of the revolution, he exercised personal power and ended up proclaiming himself emperor.

Napoleon was defeated by the combined army of England, Prussia and Austria, after which the kings decided, at the so-called Congress of Vienna, to restore the Ancien Régime, with the same dynasties that had been on the thrones, and to put the brakes on in accordance with liberal ideas. The absolutist monarchies managed to return to power on three occasions: after defeating Napoleon and after the revolutions of 1820 and 1830. But, like the previous ones, they were dominated by force and did not succeed. In all these changes, the great winner is the bourgeoisie, because of its influence on the different regimes, and the consolidation of the free market.