THE COLONIAL CRISIS & THE ENLIGHTENMENT
THE FLUENCE OF CHRISTIANITY
In the 18th century, some experienced an economic and demographic boom while others
they languished and fell. They were in crisis.
A key process was the introduction of the Bourbon reforms, which imposed a
new imperialism in the Spanish colonies and produced a creole growth
discontent that it would have to end, at the beginning of the 19th century, in the independence movements.
THE CHANGE OF DYNASTY
The 18th century begins with the wars of succession. The king
Carlos II, who had no children, named Felipe
of Anjou as his successor.
The Habsburg dynasty ended
and started on the Spanish throne
the Bourbon dynasty.
Being Felipe V a descendant of the French king, the idea that in the future, Spain and France would be under the same king, this bothered other Europeans
powerful, especially England and Holland, who waged war on the New King.
The contest ended with the victory of Felipe V and the signing of the Treaty of
Utrecht in 1713, by which he was recognized as King of Spain, but he renounced any possible claim to the French Crown. In addition, he had to pay a price: to deliver European Territories to kingdoms of Austria,
Savoy and England and
to grant the latter the allowed vessel and the black seats.
THE ENLIGHTENMENT
THE BOURBON REFORMS IN AMERICA
The new Spanish ruler found himself with huge war debts,
which led to more taxes, fees and obligations with Hispanic society.
Felipe V undertook "the reconquest of his colonies", an ambitious project that
was promoted with his son Carlos III and had strong impacts on
the colonial system in crisis.
➢ Politically, they sought to reinforce real power and limit the autonomy of the
group locations; territorial reorganization.
➢ Economically, the Bourbons ordered that the colonies not negotiate between
they.
➢The state monopoly of commerce was spreading
more and more products: tobacco, brandy, gunpowder, salt, mercury and
cards.
➢ The alcabalas were the tax on the movement of goods and were charged
until in the last lost town of the Andes the Indians who came out selling their
vegetables in the markets.
The indigenous uprisings multiplied, especially in the second half of the 18th century.
The expulsion of the Jesuits in 1767 brought to America an important consequence:
The Crown crowned the lands of the Society of Jesus. So he got
more income.
In Europe, things were changing. First in ideas: After the wars of religion that ravaged the continent in the past
century and a half, a new consciousness arose: it mattered only a
the man was good and honest, no
click to edit
And second, if there are differences of opinion, matter what religion or opinions
it would not be better to argue with them based on reason and
do not go to blows or to war? These
two elements, tolerance step to a third consensus: if all
Human beings are rational, they are equal, and if they are equal, they should be treated equally.
A group of French thinkers embarked on a gigantic undertaking: summarize
all human knowledge in an encyclopedia.
Thinkers like Rousseau, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Diderot defended these ideas in
the Encyclopedia and other books.
These ideas were added to the
hunger of the people, they
they made the revolution
broke out in 1789 French,
who dethroned and
executed King Louis XVI
and his wife Maria
Antoinette. This I sow
fear in all the royal houses of Europe. The kings, like him, reinforced despotism and abandoned any openness based on
about lighting.
click to edit
FRANCE OCCUPIES SPAIN
:
Napoleon did not give up. To break the British economy and prevent trade with Europe, he decreed the "continental blockade". And Portugal refused to follow him in this action, Napoleon decided
submit by force, coercing Spain to invade Portugal.
The French army crossed the peninsula and entered Lisbon without resistance. The day before, the Prince Regent, John VI, along with 15,000
town, he had fled by sea to Brazil, where he would make court for fifteen years.
While the Spanish armies were in Portugal, the French armies, with 65,000
Indeed, they completely controlled Spain for several years. Spanish people
rebelled against King Charles IV in 1808, who abdicated and left as sovereign
your son.