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Microbial Disease Development - Coggle Diagram
Microbial Disease Development
dependent on
Host Resistance
or Susceptibility
Immune System
Innate Immunity
non-specific
general resistance
we are born with
response is
immediate
First Lines
of Defense
Physical Barriers
Skin
Mucous
Membranes
Secretions
Normal
Microflora
normally harmless
in their regular location
competes with
and inhibits
pathogens
should not be found
in some body sites
eg. blood, brain, liver
Second Lines
of Defense
Phagocytic
Leucocytes
has seven
stages
I. Adherence
to Pathogen
II. Ingestion
by Phagocyte
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Antimicrobial
Proteins
Inflammatory
Response
characterized by
Pain
"dolor"
Heat
"calor"
Redness
"rubor"
Swelling
"tumor"
Fever
rise in body
temperature
activates and
speeds up
immune response
inhibits growth
of pathogens
Acquired Immunity
specific resistance
acquired after exposure
response takes
days or weeks
has two major
components
Humoral Immunity
mainly targets
extracellular pathogens
and their toxins
largely a
function of
B Lymphocytes
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I. Macrophage
engulfs Pathogen
II. Macrophage
digests Pathogen
and displays
its Antigens
III. T Cells attach
to Antigens and
becomes Activated
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Cell-Mediated
Immunity
mainly targets
intracellular pathogens
largely a
function of
T Lymphocytes
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I. Antigen Presentation
II. Helper T Cell
Activation
III. Cytotoxic T Cell
Activation
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helper T cell binds to
antigen-MHC complex
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macrophage
engulfs and
digests pathogen
antigen complexes with
Major Histocompatibility Complex
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Vaccines
allows an individual
to develop immunity
without being infected
Live-attenuated
Vaccines
Inactivated
Vaccines
Subunit
Vaccines
Toxoid
Vaccines
responsible for
immune responses,
protects body
against foreign agents
a complex network of
special cells, proteins, and
lymphatic tissues and fluids
Main Components
Thymus
Gland
produces T
lymphocytes
Bone
Marrow
produces B
lymphocytes
Spleen
Tonsils
White
Blood
Cells
Lymphatic
System
Lymph Nodes
Lymphatic Vessels
Lymph
fluid that
circulates
in the body
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Risk Factors
Environmental
Factors
affects
Growth and
Proliferation
Toxin and Metabolite
Production
Others
Temperature
pH
Osmotic Pressure
Oxygen Concentration
Presence/Absence of
Ions and Nutrients
Pathogenicity
or Virulence
influenced by
Virulence
Factors
Microbial Toxins
can damage cells, inhibit
metabolic processes. etc.
Adhesins
allow attachment
to host cells
Capsule
resists
phagocytosis
Enzyme
degrades host
components
Siderophores
scavenge iron
from host proteins
pathogenic attributes
or molecules that
increase the effectivity
ability to cause disease
has five
general stages
I. Exposure
II. Entry
III. Invasion
IV. Colonization
and Growth
V. Damage
or Disease
Direct Damage
Toxicity
Hypersensitivity
pathogen
damages host
pathogen
finds its niche
in the host
pathogen multiplies
and spreads to other
parts of the body
pathogen penetrates host epithelium and spreads further
dependent on
Portals of Entry
ways pathogens
enter the host
Skin
Respiratory Tract
Gastrointestinal Tract
Urogenital Tract
Conjunctiva
Others
pathogen
enters host
Reservoir
Pathogen
transmitted
through
Indirect Transmission
Vehicles
Vectors
Airborne
Route
Contact with
Fomites
Unclean
Hands
Direct Transmission
Direct Contact
Droplets
Contact
with Soil
Parenteral
Transmission
Transplacental
Transmission
Humans
Animals
Environment
pathogen's
natural habitat
pathogen comes into
contact with host