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cold war evidence - Coggle Diagram
cold war evidence
key events
- berlin blockade and airlift
- 24th of June 1948 until the 12th of May 1949
- airlift began on the 26th of June with a test flight
- properly started on the 2nd of july - 320,000 flights in total with 8,000 tonnes a day being managed
Korean war
- Japan ruled Korea since 1905
- in 1945 was half/half liberated by soviets and US
- 1950 , North Korea pre-empted an attack from the South and invaded the south
- By September the North had nearly taken the whole peninsula
- September/ October 1950 UN forces launch counterattack and pushed SK way back
- Mao then sent 200,000 Chinese soldiers into Korea
- July 1953- armistice signed
arms race
- 57 - USA and USSR develop ICBMs
- October 57 Sputnik orbits Earth
- Jan 58 - NASA goes into orbit
- 59- USA develops SLBMs
- 1961- nuclear weapons : 22,000: 2,500
ICBMs : 57:10
Hungarian uprising - 1956
- Khrushchev made his speech in February 1956
- 45-47 Kovacs
- 47 - 53 Rakosi - 2,000 killed in purges and almost 400,000 in prison
- Nagy - 53-55
- Rakosi 55-56
- Nagy - 56 - 29 October- 3rd of November proposed reforms in a 'revolution'
- 4th November 200,000 Warsaw pact troops sent in
- 6,000 tanks
- by 10th of November resistance was crushed and hardliner Kadar was in power
reason for tension
conferences
-Tehran
November -December 1943
FDR, Churchill and Stalin
-Yalta
February 1942
FDR, Churchill and Stalin
-Potsdam
July - August 1945
Truman, Churchill and Stalin
ww2
- soviet- Nazi pact in August 1939
- partitioning of Poland in September 1939
- Katyn forest in 1943, 10,000 polish soldiers dead
- USSR lost 25m people
- Eastern Europe takeover
- Albania - 1945- immediately became communist
- Bulgaria - November 1945, communists won rigged election
- Poland- January 1947, one party communist rule
- Hungary- August 1947- communist takeover
countries
- West Germany
FRG formed in May 1949
elections in August 1949 which elected Adenauer as chancellor in September
- East Germany
In March 1949 Ulbricht put forward a constitution for a new east German state
- GDR officially formed in October 1949
Truman doctrine
- march 1947 statement to congress
- congress gave 400 million dollars to help Greece and turkey
Marshall plan
-passed in congress in March 1948
- sets up the OECC in 1949
- 13.7 billion dollars distributed to countries like the UK, turkey and Norway
Nato
- April 1949 and 12 countries to start with including the UK, USA and France
Cominform
- formed in October 1947
- 5% of Hungarians were in prison as a result by 1953
Comecon
- January 1949
- USSR, Bulgaria CZKS, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Albania
- East Germany joined in 1950
- Poland sold its coal to the USSR at 10% of normal price
Warsaw pact
- seven countries including USSR and Bulgaria
- formed May 1955
Berlin wall/ conflict
- East Germany - 1m people involved in 1953 riots, between 1945-1961 4m people fled (20%)
- August 13th 1961 - barbed wire fence set up by Eastern German soldiers
- 27th October - tank face off at checkpoint Charlie
- JFK speech in West Berlin - June 1963
Cuba
- US backed Batista
- Castro overthrew Batista after guerrilla war 1956-1959
- January 1961 US broke of diplomatic relations
- bay of pigs - 1400 Cuban exiles sent back by USA on the 17th of April 1961
- met with 20,000 cuban soldiers and crushed
- missile crisis
- 11th of September JFK warned the Soviets about placing nuclear weapons on a satellite state
- 14th of October - photos of nuclear sites emerged
- 15th - 16th - more photos + news of ships coming in
- 16th JFK informed
-22nd JFK announced blockade
- Khrushchev responds on the 23rd saying ships will not observe blockade
- Khrushchev sends letter of peace on 26th
- JFK accepts
U2 crisis
- U2 planes developed in 1956
- in 1960 the USSR finally shot one down on 1st of May
- 5th - USA claimed it was a weather flight
- 11th of May - had to admit to spying
- 15th- 16th May Paris conference was a disaster
Prague spring
- student demonstrations - 1966
- Dubcek replaced Novotnoy as leader of the country in October 1967
- march 1968, censorship of the press was ended
- June 1968, new SPD set up
- June 1968 Soviet tanks stayed in the country
- July, SPDs forced to shut
- 20th of August, 500,000 warsaw pact troops sent into the country
- less than 100 killed
Détente
- limited test ban treaty- august 1963
- outer space treaty- January 1967, 107 countries signed in the following 50 years, never been violated
- Nuclear non proliferation treaty- July 1968, signed by 62 countries
- SALT , 5 year freeze signed in 1972
limited ballistics - USA 1054 ICBMs and 740 SLBMs - USSR - 1618 ICBMs and 740 SLBMs