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(Reform in Russia, Radicals Change France, Nationalists Change…

- - - - Terrorists assassinated Alexander II and his successor took control
        
        Alexander III wanted to expand Russias power, what helped Russias expand and industries was Nationalism. Nationalism united groups to help Russia.
      - Were the peasants better off after the serfs were freed? Explain
        
        They shouldn't have freed the serfs because the peasants were in debt for 40 years.
  - - - Russians believed that the serfdom should end. They believed the system was morally wrong and it hurt the economy.
        
        Taking the serfs away would make the landowners mad.
  - - - Russia's industries and transportation failed to get them supplies.
        
        Russia lost against the combined powers of France, Great Britain, Sardinia, and the Ottoman Empire.
        
        Alexander II decided to move Russia toward modernization
        
        Alexander and his advisors believed that they could compete with western Europe
      - How did Russia’s defeat in the Crimean War push it toward political reform?
        
        Because they realized they had to catch up with the rest of the world.
- - - - Once again a Paris mob over turned a monarchy and established a republic
        
        The new government fell apart almost immediately
        
        The radicals split into factions
        
        One side only wanted political reforms
        
        The other side only wanted social and economic reforms
        
        The two sides started riots in Paris's streets
        
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  - - - 4 years later he took the name of Emperor Napoleon III
        
        The majority of France accepted this without a complaint
        
        The french were weary of instability where they welcomed a strong ruler who would bring peace to France
        
        As there Emperor he built railroads, encouraged industrialization, and promoted a program for public works
        
        Because of Napoleons policies unemployment decreased and the country experienced real prosperity
      - Was the election of Louis-Napoleon a victory for the radicals? Yes because he was elected by the people and helped them encourage industrialization and promoted public works
  - - - In 1830 Frances king Charles X tried a return to absolute monarchy
        
        The attempt started riots that forced Charles to flee to great Britain
        
        He was replaced by Louis Philippe
- - - - Many countries wanted Greek independence
        
        Russia wanted independence for Orthodox Christians in Muslim controlled Greece
        
        Religion
        
        Educated Europeans and Americans respected Greek Culture
        
        Support for Greece grew
        
        1827, British, French, Russian fleet attacks and destroys Ottoman Fleet in Battle of Navarino
        
        1830, Britain, France, Russia all signed a treaty guaranteeing an independent kingdom of Greece
  - - - Liberals and nationalists openly revolted against conservative governments.
        
        Riots broke out in the Belgian city of Brussels
        
        Belgium's people wanted independence from Dutch Control
        
        Nationalists tried to unite the Italian peninsula
        
        Austria sent troops in to stop this by Prince Metternich
        
        Why did leaders of powerful countries oppose revolution even when not directed against them?
        
        They knew that if other countries started revolting, then the country that they ruled could get the same idea.
        
        How were the revolutions in Italy different from the revolutions in Greece Belgium and Poland?
        
        Instead of the entire country being under the rule of one leader, it was separated and needed to be united.
        
        Polish Nationalists fought to break free of Russian control
        
        They Failed
  - - - Metternich resigned
        
        Liberal uprisings start throughout Austria
    - - Uprisings
- - - - Meanwhile, a new movement called nationalism emerged
        
        Culture
        
        A nation that had its own independent government was called a nation-state
        
        Nation state defends the nation's territory and way of life
        
        Represents the nation to the rest of the world
        
        Model of the nation-state implies that its population constitutes a nation, united by a common descent, a common language and many forms of shared culture.
        
        Europe 1815 only France, England and Spain were called nation states
        
        Would soon change as nationalist movements achieved success
        
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        Nationalism
        
        belief that people’s greatest loyalty shouldn’t be to a king or an empire but to a nation of people who share common culture and history
        
        Nationalist movement would blur the lines that separated the three political theories
        
        Nationalism gave people a new sense of identity
        
        Nationalism didn't gain popularity until the end of the 18th century
        
        How did nationalism blur the line between philosophies?
        
        It attracted people from all different schools of philosophy.
- - - - link to www.google.com
        
        mosly middle class cbussneses leaders and members chants
        
        justice
        
        they belived that its stle of goverment would best serve the group
    - - In the United States, there has usually only been two main political parties.
        
        Since the 1860s, these two main parties have been the Republican Party and the Democratic Party.)
        
        they argued for protecting the tradition
        
        republic
        
        the 3 groups conservative, Liberal, radical
        
        They belived that goverments should practice the ideas of the french Reverlion