Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Economic Activity and energy - Coggle Diagram
Economic Activity and energy
Sectors
Primary, extraction of natural resources
Secondary, processing industries, which use the natural resources to produce products
Tertiary, sells services rather than a product
Quaternary, research and information providing services
Clark Fischer model
Sector percentage is on the Y axis and level of development is on the x axis
This model shows that as development increases the economic sectors shift, as the older ones decline, and the newer ones emerge
Similarities to the UK, where during the pre industrial era, secondary fell off, and tertiary became the majority sector
Reasons for change in sectors
Globalisation
, is the concept where the world becomes more interconnected over time and this leads for countries not needing to be so reliant on themselves
Technological advancements
, with greater technology more jobs are available for people and existing jobs become more and more efficient, so less people are needed.
Mechanisation
, in the industrial era, this phased out primary jobs, and lead to more secondary jobs in manufacturing.
Raw material availability
, as finite resources are used, jobs in both primary and reliant secondary and unable to continue and then they stop. Also access to affordable raw material leads to a shift, e.g Thatcher.
Demographic change
, as populations grow, and people get richer, there is a cultural shift towards tertiary
Government policies
, subsides, laws and regulations can incentives a shift in the economy out of a certain sector, and into another, e.g Thatcher
Case study, Deindustrialisation in the UK
A reduction in the overall population employed in secondary jobs.
A loss of "old" industries in the 70s, steel and iron works, lead to many parts loving jobs
As manufacturing jobs moved offshore
increased reliance on imports
22% secondary employment, 8% lost jobs
Impacts
Positive
Higher income
Rising income in the developing world due to imports
Tertiary job opportunities
Environmental benefits
Negative
Structural unemployment
Feelings of alienation, as people are forced into new sectors
Regional decline, as Manufacturing areas have been unable to rejuvenate their areas
South wales
Reasons for coal mines decline
Cheap imports
Government policies, subsides
Depletion of coal
Better conditions and working rights, making the operation too expensive
Mechanisation, less manpower needed for same product.
Tin manufacturing in the area depleted natural resources
Globalisation allowed countries further away like Singapore to be viable options for tin manufacturing.
China case study
1953, 83% in agriculture down to 25% in 2019
Mao started industrialisation
Caused famine and death
Xiaoping allowed investment into China, which gave China rapid growth.
In 2013 tertiary over took secondary in GDP produced.
Emphasis on STEM education, 3 year advantage
Informal economy of Lagos
Rubbish dumps provide opportunities for people
Deaths because of gas explosions
unregulated
Pollution causes health issues
Cattle sellers, sell at unregulated markets
Energy
Energy demand
Energy demand is increasing worldwide
Reasons for increase in demand
Population growth, more people= more energy required
Increased wealth, more appliances needing energy and more big companies using energy.
Technological advancements, more products needing energy= more energy required.
Energy sources
Non-renewable, runs out
Coal
Oil
Gas
Nuclear Fission
Renewable
Hydro
Solar
Wind
Tidal
Geothermal
Biofuels
Nuclear Fusion, undeveloped
Sustainable Britain
Sustainable energy
Comes from a renewable source, is environmentally friendly, is efficient, isn't prone to faults and is constant
Such as Nuclear fusion, geothermal and Hydro
From 1990 to today Britain has strived to be more sustainable
We have reduced coal from 25% to 2%
We have increased zero carbon energy sources from 25-48% and now using renewable biofuels at 5%
Sustainable energy in Nepal
By using ICSs, the Nepalese can improve cooking efficiency and safety in thatched houses
700,000 ICSs have been given
Reasons for poor energy system
Reliance on fuelwood, inefficient source
Lack of energy grid, due to Himalayas
Potential from water
Micro hydro systems can extract the energy from the water
400 micro hydro systems already active
Biogas
Manure is mixed with water and goes in vat, methane produced is used as gas
More sustainable and cleaner than fuelwood
Saving energy at home
Insulation, reduces heat loss
Windows, 2x/3x glazing decreases heat loss from conduction
Heating, more efficient saves energy, heat pumps.
Cooling, more efficient= less energy lost
Thermostats, reducing heat decreases energy used
Water heaters, generally too hot, reduce heat, save energy
Lighting, use LEDs, 90% more efficient than filiment
Advanced power strip, stops appliances working in the background
