Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
ISOMERISM, Theoretical basis of organic reactions, PERMANENT ELECTRONIC…
ISOMERISM
Structural isomerism
when 2 or more compounds have:
- the same molecular formula
- diff structural formula
chain isomerism
- same molecular formula
- diff parent chain
position isomersim
- diff compounds have same functional grps at diff positions on parent chain
- or substituent at diff position
(same no. of carbon atoms in parent chain)
functional grp isomerism
- diff compounds- same molecular formula
- have diff funct. grp
metamerism
- same molecular formula and same functional grp
- but having unequal distribution on carbon atoms on either side of the functional grp
- (functional grp should be non-terminal)
Tautomerism
- migration of H from one atom to other
- form functional isomers
Stereoisomerism
- when diff compounds have same structural formula
- but different spatial arrangement of grps or atoms
-
-
-
-
-
-
TYPES OF REAGENTS
polar organic reactions are brought out by 2 types of reagent depending on their ability to donate or accept e- from or to substrate
Electrophiles
- electron loving
species
- accept electrons from substrate
- electron deficient
- electron deficient atom=electrophilic
centre
-
Nucleophiles
- nucleus seeking species
- give away electrons to substrate
- electron rich species.
- electron rich atom= nucleophilic
centre
-
electrophilic
or nucleophilic centre are generated because
of displacement of valence electrons in
some organic molecules,which results in their
polarization.
displacement of valence
electrons resulting in polarization of an
organic molecule is called electronic effect
- electronic effect that occurs in the ground state is permanent effect
- it is due to influence of certain atom or substituent
or certain structural feature in the molecule
- eg of electronic effect=Inductive effect and resonance effect
- electron displacement effect in substrate due approach of the attacking reagent =temporary effect.=electromeric effect or polarisability effect
-
