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Science Chapter 9:Earth, image, image - Coggle Diagram
Science Chapter 9:Earth
The System and Structure of the Earth
4 main components
Atmosphere
Air zone
Covering the Earth's surface
Biosphere
Life zone
Consist all living things
Hydrosphere
Water zone
River,sea,lakes
Water as ice
Geosphere
Rock and soil zone
Atmospheric Stratification
Troposphere
0-13 km
Living organisms breth
Rain form (etc)
Stratosphere
13-50 km
Suitable for aircraft
Contains ozone layer to protect living things
Mesosphere
50-80 km
Burning and destruction of meteorites
Thermosphere
80-480 km
Known as ionosphere
Aurora,colourful lights which are very hot
Exosphere
480 km and above
Contains helium & hydrogen
Air becomes thinner towards space
Ocean Startification
Surface zone
Water is very shallow
Light can penetrate
Twilight zone
Has little or no light
Difficult for plants to live
Dark zone
Very deep
No light can reach it
Most animals inthis zone have
shimmering bodies
able to glow in the dark
Composition of Earth
Types and Characteristics of Rocks
Igneous rock
Formed by the process
cooling and freezing of
magma or lava
Sedimentary rock
Formed by compression of
deposited materials carried by
rivers
glaciers
wind
Metamorphic rock
Formed when igneous rocks or sedimentary
exposed to high pressure and heat
Main Processes of the Earth
Exogenic Process
Erosion
Eroding Earth's surface
by moving agents
water
wind
leaves
Transport and Sedimentation
Weathered or corroded materials
moved by agents
Mass & Land depletion
Involve soil movement
from top of a slope to below
Weathering
Process of rock fragmentation and decoposition
due to
temperature
rainwater
frosting
Endogenic process
Mantle convection process
High temperature in mantle
Earth's crust movement
Earth's crust divided to several pieces
Plates constantly move resulting
Collision
divergence
Magma activity
Volcano is a vent
allows molten to flow out through it
through strong eruption
Geohazard phenomena
Types of Geohazards
Volcanism
Global Warming
Landslide
Tsunami
Earthquake
Technology used to Prepare for Geohazards
Device to read landslides
Age of Earth
Estimated to be 4.5 billion years
Fossils
Earth's materials such as plants,animals
which is submerged and buried for along time
Hydrothermal Process
Water heated naturally from Earth