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LATIN AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE, image - Coggle Diagram
LATIN AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE
THE CAUSES OF INDEPENDENCE
the influence of Enlightenment ideas were brought to America by Creole students who travelled to Europe
American Revolution, the French Revolution and the Spanish War of Independence encouraged some of the colonists to fight for their own freedom
Great Britain gave financial assistance to the supporters of independence
Creole bourgeoisie wanted political and economic control of the colonies and an end to their dependence on Spain when it came to trade
THE SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
independence movements began during the Spanish War of Independence
colonies refused to accept Joseph I as King of Spain
the colonists created councils which removed the colonial authorities and governed in the name of Fernando VII
Viceroyalty of New Spain, a priest called Hidalgo led a social uprising of Indians and mestizos against the Spanish authorities
New Granada and the Captaincy General of Venezuela, Simón Bolívar led a liberal bourgeois revolution
Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, General José de San Martín led a series of revolts which spread from Argentina, across Chile, Uruguay and to the Viceroyalty of Peru
Fernando VII returned to the throne, he sent troops to America to end the revolts.
the military victories of José de San Martín and the Chilean General O'Higgins at Chacabuco (1817) and Maipú (1818) led to Chile's independence
Simón Bolívar defeated the Spanish at Carabobo (1821) and Pichincha (1822)
military victory of General Sucre at Ayacucho (1824) led to the independence of Peru and Bolivia (which was named after Simón Bolívar)
CONSEQUENCES OF INDEPENDENCE
Spain lost its hegemony over Latin America
loss of the American colonies dramatically reduced Spain's international prestige and power
Spanish economy suffered, especially the Catalan manufacturing industry
consequences for the new South American countries
New countries were formed, such as Venezuela, Argentina and Mexico.
1823 Monroe Doctrine, in which the United States President warned the European powers not to interfere in America
The Creole bourgeoisie gained the political and economic power it had been fighting for
establishment of free trade damaged the economies of many countries as they were unable to compete with European and North American products
