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PE component 1 - Coggle Diagram
PE component 1
musculoskeletal system
- protection for vital organs, muscles attachment, joints for movement, platelets, red and white blood cell production, storage of calcium and phosphorus.
Protection of vital organs - staying safe in sport is vital, and the skeleton plays an important role in this. The cranium protects the brain and the ribcage protects internal organs, including heart. In some sports extra protection is needed like a helmet
Joints for movement - Joints work together with bones and muscles to form levers which means a small movement can generate a larger force. Kicking a ball, this lever will turn the small movements in your leg into a larger movement at the end of your leg
classification of bones
Flat bones - protect organs or offer a good surface for muscles to attach to. kneecap (patella). Protect vital organs in contact sports.
Irregular bones - perform a range of functions. Some protect ( vertebrae protecting the spine cord) aethers have lots of attachment points for muscels. First and second vertebrae allow the head to nod and rotate which is vital in sports
Short bones - e.g carpals and tarsals. same size in length width and thickness. Weight bearing exercise, shock absorbtion. Jogging, dancing.
classification of joints
pivot joints - allow bones to rotate. wrist, elbow and neck
Hinge joints - joint that only allows backwardsand forwards movement. Knee elbow and ankle. Elbow - hinge joint between humorous and the ulna, enables flexion and extension of the arm. bicep curls
Ball and socket - roundhead of one bone fits into the cup chawed hole of the other bone. E.g Hip and shoulder. Long humorous fits into the scapula (shoulder) capable of more variety and a bigger range
Condyloid joints - circular motion. The wrist, flexion extension adduction abduction. Bowler spins a ball
Ligaments and tendons
Ligaments - are elastic fibres that join one bone to another, keep skeleton supported while still allowing movement. In the knee, ligaments on either side keep it stable.Not much blood so tears heal slower.
Tendons - Non elastic fibres that attach muscle to bone, help movement. let you apply power and movement. Tendon tears are often a result of many micro tears and can take a long time to heal.
role of muscles
voluntary - under your control. attached by tendons, known as skeletal. When your muscles fibre contracts, movement occurs. Crucial when playing sport, train them to be stronger and fatigue less, work on to improve flexibility for a greater range of movement
involuntary muscles - contract and relay automatically. controlled by nervous system. organs in the digestive and circulatory system. involuntary muscles in the blood vessels are important for sport and it helps with blood redistribution.
Cardiac muscles - wall of the heart. involuntary. regulates heart rate and pumps all the blood in your body through your heart. when you run, cardiac muscles keeps your heart pumping.
antagonistic pairs
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Gastrocnemius and Tibialis anterior - G acts to plantar flex the ankle. plantar flexion to doors flexion.
Quads and hamstrings - when the quads contract, hamstring relaxes and the leg straightens. leg press or squat.
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working together - main function is to create movement, but also work to keep you stable, protect you and give good posture.
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