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THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE - Coggle Diagram
THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE
Phases of the renaissance
Trecento
14th century, the end of Gothic art
early features of the Renaissance appear
first artist was Giotto
Quattrocento
15th century
In Florence
new Renaissance innovations
harmony
proportion
most important architects
Brunelleschi
Alberti
most important sculptors
Ghiberti
Donatello
most important painters
Masaccio
Fra Angelico
Botticelli
Cinquecento
16th century
Rome became the artistic centre
Leonardo da Vinci
Michelangelo
Raphael Sanzio
In Venice
new style was developed by painters such as
Giorgione
Titian
Mannerism
beginning in 1530, in Italy
harmony and proportion were abandoned
most important painters are
the Florentines
Bronzino
Pontormo
the Venetians
Tintoretto
Veronese
Sculptors
Cellini
Giambologna
Architecture
Greek and Roman art were adopted
Domes
Florence Cathedral (by Brunelleschi)
Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome (by Michelangelo)
Columns
classical capitals
entablatures (the horizontal parts above the columns)
Semi-circular arches and coffered ceilings
the church of San Lorenzo in Florence, by Brunelleschi)
Triangular pediments, friezes, geometric designs and scrolls
the façade of the Basilica Santa Maria Novella
Longitudinal and central-plan
circular plan
Tempietto di San Pietro, by Bramante
square plan;
Villa La Rotonda, by Andrea Palladio
Greek cross
Saint Peter's Basilica, by Bramante
Objective
achieve the harmony of classical architecture
Simplicity
not use many decorative features
Open, diaphanous spaces
Proportion
buildings are symmetrical
the different parts are evenly distributed
not as tall as Gothic buildings
in order to maintain harmony between
horizontal and vertical elements
The Italian renaissance architecture
civil architecture became more important
due to the increased wealth of the bourgeoisie
Urban palaces
in Florence
Palazzo Pitti (Brunelleschi)
Palazzo Medici (Michelozzo di Bartolomeo)
Plazzo Rucellai (Leon Batista Alberti)
Town halls
Squares
Piazza del Campidoglio by Michelangelo
Hospitals
Ospedale degli Innocenti, Florence, by Brunelleschi
Theaters
Teatro Olimpico, Venice, by Andrea Palladio
Libraries
Laurentian Library, Florence, by Michelangelo
Rural Villas
Villa La Rotonda by Andrea Palladio
Painting and sculpture
New interests
Reflected on the interests of society
Idealism and serenity
They tried to reflect reality
they aimed to portray an ideal beauty
influenced by the ideas of the Greek philosopher Plato
perfect faces and bodies were depicted by artists like
Botticelli
Raphael Sanzio
Famous for their
Madonnas
virgins, with angelic faces
Leonardo da Vinci
Mona Lisa
Michelangelo
portrayed intense emotions in his works
The human body
Interest in the anatomy of the human body
They revived the nude as a subject
Venuses by Giorgione
Titian (both from the Venetian school)
paintings in the Sistine Chapel (Michelangelo)
the statue of David (Michelangelo)
The search for balance and proportion
They studied the elements of a scene and arranged them symmetrically
in order to
guided the view of the observer
pyramidal composition
figures were portrayed in proportion
Michelangelo
introduced imbalance in his works.
New techniques and materials
Painting
Ancient techniques
frescoes on walls
tempera on wooden panels
new oil technique was adopted
consisting of mixing oil with mineral pigments
used to paint on cloth canvasses
Sculpture
expensive materials like marble were used more frequently
Reliefs were replaced by
freestanding sculptures (three dimensional representations)
could be contemplated from all angles
New subjects
themes related to Christianity
mythological themes
from the Classical Antiquity
More portraits were painted due to the increase in demand from
Nobels
Clergy
upper bourgeoisie
Equestrian portraits
Nature, landscapes and buildings
substituted the gold backgrounds of the Gothic artists
defining feature of all compositions
portrayed with enormous
accuracy
Detail
Reflected new mentality
the subjects were realistically represented
landscapes
cities
the human body
Portraits
New pictorial techniques
perspective
the use of oil paints
Italian renaissance painting and sculpture
It can be seen in The Birth of Venus (the Roman goddess of love, beauty and marriage)
It was painted by the Florentine Sandro Botticelli
who was commissioned by a patron from the Medicci family
the end of the 15th century
using the tempera technique
took his inspiration from classical mythology
clear symmetry to the composition
it contains the nude
it had disappeared from Western art during the Middle Ages
true representation of reality
perspective
give depth and volumen to
scenes
objects
figures
Sculpture
perspective
creating reliefs with various depths
The Gates of Paradise by Lorenzo Ghiberti
Painting
perspective
placing the figures in different planes
putting landscapes or architectural features in the background
linear perspective
consists of arranging the elements on imaginary lines
which converge at a vanishing point at the back
the fresco The School of Athens by Raphael Sanzio
Depth
aerial perspective
blurring the background so it appears further away
using contrasts of light and shadow (chiaroscuo) to create volume
New artistic style
due to the humanist spirit
originated in the small Italian states
Artists could dedicate themselves exclusively to art
because patrons paid them for their work
Medici in Florence
Sforza in Milan
Popes of Rome
Leo X
Alexander VI
Julius II
Renaissance
revival of
Classical Greek
The arrival in Italy of Greek scholars
had fled Constantinople after its conquest by the Turks
brought classical works with them
Roman culture
Roman remains on the Italian peninsula
the discovery of new archaeological remains.
began at the end of the Middle Ages
