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4.THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE, image, image, image, image, image, image, image…
4.THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE
RENAISSANCE
The Humanist spirit created a new artistic style. This style originated in the small Italian states.
Patrons
Artists could dedicate all the time to creation because they were maintained by them
The famous ones
Medici (Florence)
Sforza (Milan)
Popes of Rome
Is called Renaissance because there was a revival of
Classical Greek culture
Roman culture
4.1.THE PHASES OF THE RENAISSANCE
Trecento (14th century, the end of Gothic art):
Early features
Giotto
Quattrocento (15th century)
Innovations appeared
Proportion
Harmony
Masaccio, Fra Angelico and Botticelli
Cinquecento (16th century)
Rome
became the artistic centre
Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael Sanzio
Mannerism (beginning in 1530, in Italy)
Harmony and proportion were abandoned
Bronzino and Pontormo...
4.2.ARCHITECTURE
Features
Semi-circular arches and coffered ceilings
Triangular pediments
Columns
Friezes
Domes
Geometric designs
Scrolls
Longitudinal and central-plan
Places:
Town halls
Squares
Urban palaces
Hospitals
Theatres
Libraries
Rural villas
The Renaissance architects objective was to achieve the harmony of classical architecture.
Methods:
Open
Proportion and harmony
Buildings are symmetrical and the different parts are evenly distributed
Maintain harmony between the horizontal and vertical elements
Simplicity
they did not use many decorative features
4.3.PAINTING AND SCULPTURE
NEW TECHNIQUES AND MATERIALS
Sculpture
More expensive materials
Marble
Reliefs were replaced by three dimensional representations
Painting
Ancient techniques
tempera
frescoes
OIL technique
mixing oil with mineral pigments
NEW SUBJECTS
Added
Classical Antiquity
Mythological themes
Christianity
Portraits
(demand from nobles, clergy and the upper bourgeoisie)
Nature, landscapes and buildings
Enormous accuracy and detail
NEW INTERESTS
Idealism and serenity
"Reality"
Ideal beauty
Mona Lisa
Botticelli, Raphael Sanzio, Leonardo da Vinci. Michelangelo was different
The human body
"anatomy of the human body"
Venuses / paintings in the Sistine Chapel / statue of David
The search for balance and proportion
"Pyramidal composition"
"Symmetry"
ITALIAN RENAISSANCE PAINTING AND SCULPTURE
The Birth of Venus
Painter:
Sandro Botticelli
(end of the 15th century)
Using the
tempera technique
Patron
who commissioned this work was the
Medici family
Classical mythology
->
Goddess of love, beauty and marriage
Symmetry
Reason:
for a true representation of reality
New technique:
Perspective
To give
depth and volume
Ex:
The School of Athens
/
Raphael Sanzio
Sculpture
Perspective
By creating
Reliefs with various depths
Figures in different plane
Putting landscapes or (a. features) at the
Background
Ex:
The Gates of Paradise
Painter:
Lorenzo Ghiberti
Blurring
using
contrasts of light and shadow
create depth are aerial perspective
Reflected the new mentality. This can be seen in the way the subjects were realistically represented
New pictorial techniques were also adopted
Perspective
Use of oil paints
