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The birth of British Australia, 1788-1829 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Concern that if they did not establish it fast enough, France may take it as sowing crops was slow.
      - They had no ploughs or draft animals, making it very hard to cultivate plants.
      - Trees were giant and were more than twenty-five feet around the trunk, had to be dug out from the stony earth which was exhausting
      - Men’s muscles had become suet after months of Sea.
      - The 300 fit marines refused to help as they were ‘defending’ the colonies from the other powers, aboriginals and wildlife.
      - Environment was not favourable, thought they could use the Aboriginal lands to get food but they couldn’t use it.
    - - Instructions left a great deal to his own initiative. Equipped properly and planned the expedition for six months before departure, leading to a death rate of only 3% throughout.
        
        Inserted that rations should be equally shared from the 1st April 1790 which was resented by marines but crucial for survival. Food was meagre but enough for everyone until rations arrived from the second fleet. As it was completely fair it led to no riots.
        
        Made former convicts landowners to get them to subsist of their own food as quickly as possible, allowing the creation of more farmland
- - - - Macquarie offers the Emancapists land ownership and equal opportunity meaning that you wouldn’t be treated unfairly due to your parents being ex-convicts or you being one. Was revolutionary at the time and led to Gentry hating him. Leads to an egalitarian society.
      - Convinced of new army barracks, the hospital could not be postponed. 1811 Road and 1810 Hospital built. Hospital paid in spirits, named “Rum Hospital”
      - 1822 265 works on varying scale, helped created with convict labour, tried to restrain corporal punishment.
      - Founded new towns to the west of Sydney and expanded the settlement. Visited Van Diemen's Land, Newcastle and Illawarra and founded Port Macquarie
      - Policies concerning the Aboriginals should be treated the same, says the Native Institution for Aboriginal children. Showing signs of hostility, no one went to his school as it was condescending and had no interest in it.
      - No governor since Phillip had shown them so much sympathy, organised a military drive to chasten them.
- - - - Dominant in Australia's economy in the 19th century, wool was the second most important source of income for the colony.
      - 1805 colony became self-sufficient, leading to a boom in the wool industry. Sheep population rose to 20,000
      - Exploded from 1820-40, was valued at £2 million by 1830.
    - - 1805 Whaling was able to make serious money
      - Helped break the East India Company's monopoly on the industry, Lady Barlow obtained 13,700 seal skins and 260 tons of oil, followed by Honduras Packet carrying 36,0000 skins.
- - - - Legislative council created, members not elected but worthy citizens asked to serve in the assembly to advice governors
      - Justice system became independent of governor and supreme court established with a chief justice
      - Van Diemen’s Land to operate as a separate colony (in practice already occurred) and a legislative council and supreme court to operate there too