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HYPOTHALAMUS - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Stimulus -} Sensor -} Control -} Effector -} Stimulus
  - - - The effect between the opposing actions of insulin and glucagon to blood sugar level. While insulin lowers blood sugar glucagon raises it
- - - - funciton
        
        Allows phosphate to be excreted by the kidneys
        
        Allows calcium and phosphate to pass from bone to blood
        
        Allows calcium to be reabsorbed from the kidneys and passed into the blood
      - malfunctions of parathormone
        
        Tetany
        
        Low calcium levels increase the excitability of nerves without rest and this results in continuous muscle contraction. It causes painful muscle contraction.
        
        Excess of Parathormone
        
        Bones become weak and brittle. Precipitation of calcium in kidneys causes kidney stones.
- - - - stimulate calcıum deposition in bones and decreases reabsorption of calcıum
      - decreases the calcium level of blood
    - - funciton
        
        stimulate metabolism and influence development and maturation.
      - Malfunctions of Thyroxine
        
        Cretinism
        
        Goiter
        
        Hyperthyroidism
        
        Hypothyroidism
        
        Graves’ disease
- - - - Oxytocin
        
        function
        
        it allows the muscles of the uterus to contract during childbirth and the milk produced in the milk glands to pass into the ducts
      - Antidiuretic Hormone ( ADH )
        
        function
        
        ADH enhances water reabsorption from collecting ducts in kidneys resulting in less water in urine
        
        hormonal disorder
        
        ADH deficiency leads to thesyndrome of Diabetes Insipidus
    - - Nontropic Hormones
        
        target nonendocrine tissues
        
        Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
        
        function
        
        influences skin pigmentation
        
        Growth Hormone
        
        function
        
        promotes fat metabolism
        
        an excess of GH
        
        gigantism
        
        a lack of GH
        
        dwarfism
        
        Prolactin
        
        function
        
        stimulates lactation, growth of mammary glands and production of milk
      - Tropic Hormones
        
        regulates the function of endocrine cells or glands
        
        Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
        
        function
        
        controls secretion of steroid hormones from cortex region of adrenal glands
        
        Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
        
        function
        
        stimulate follicle growth and estrogen hormone production during menstrual cycle infemales
        
        Luteinizing hormone (LH)
        
        function
        
        control production of estrogen and progesterone hormones from corpus luteum in females
        
        stimulates testosterone hormone production in testes in males
        
        Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
        
        function
        
        controls secretion of hormones from thyroid gland
- - - - release
        
        Glucocorticoids
        
        Cortisol
        
        an excess of cortisol
        
        Cushing Syndrome
        
        funciton
        
        It stimulates the production of glucose from fats and amino acids
        
        Cortisone
        
        function
        
        It suppresses the immune system, thus reducing inflammation and attendant pain and swelling at the site of the injury.
        
        Mineralocorticoids
        
        Aldosteron
        
        a lack of aldosteron
        
        Addison's disease
        
        function
        
        Acts on the tubules of the kidney to stimulate reabsorption of sodium and water into the blood and excrete potassium.
    - - release
        
        Adrenalin
        
        Neuradrenaline
        
        functions
        
        Increase oxygen delivery to body cells
        
        Trigger the release of glucose and fatty acids into the blood
- - - - function
        
        secreted at puberty stimulate maturation of ovaries and other sexual organs.
    - - function
        
        involved in preparing and maintaining the uterus.
    - - function
        
        stimulates development and maintenance of the male reproductive system
        
        stimulates development of male secondary sex characteristics
- - - - functions
        
        Decrease blood glucose level
        
        Increase the permeability of cells to take glucose except brain cells
    - - dunctions
        
        Increase blood glucose level
        
        Functions in conservation of glycogen to glucose into liver
        
        Stimulate fat breakdown
- - - - It is needed for development of T-lymphocytes
- - - - function
        
        It is a contributor to feelings of well-being
        and happiness.
    - - function
        
        Primary functions of melatonin appear to relate to biological rhythms associated with reproduction.