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4. THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE, image, image, image, image, image, image,…
4. THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE
Humanism crated the Renaissance art
artist maintained by patrons who paid their work
it's called renaissance because it revived the classic Greek and Roman culture
Why?
The arrival of Greek scholars (from the conquered Constantinopla)
The abundance of Roman remains
4.1 The phases of the renaissance
Quattrocento
15th century
harmony and proportion
architects, sculptors and painters
sculptors
Donatello
Ghiberti
painters
Fra Angelico
Botticelli
Masaccio
architects
Alberti
Brunelleschi
Cinquecento
Rome artistic centre
Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael Sanzio
New style from Venice (spread from Europe)
16th century
Trecento
Started with Giotto
End of Gothic art
14th century
Mannerism
begin in 1530
harmony and proportion abandoned
sculptors and painters
sculptors
Cellini
Giambologna
painters
Pontormo
Tintoretto
Bronzino
Veronese
4.2 Architecture
new features adopted
Semi-circular arches and coffered ceilings
Triangular pediments, friezes, geometric designs and scrolls
Columns
Longitudinal and central-plan
Domes
Italian renaissance architecture
civil architecture more important (because of the bourgeoisie)
main new civil architecture
Hospitals
Theatres
Squares
Libraries
Town halls
Rural villas
Urban palaces
Renaissance architects' objective
achieve the harmony of classical architecture, by...
working on open and public spaces
making symmetrical buildings (proportion)
not using many decorative features (simplicity)
not making the buildings tall to maintain the horizontal-vertical harmony
4.3 Painting and sculpture
It reflected the new mentality
realistically created artworks
the use of oil paints
The artists reflected the new interests in the style
The human body
Revived the nude as a subject
The search for balance and proportion
Arranged the element symmetrically
often used a pyramidal composition
Idealism and serenity
Reflected reality (influenced by the ideas of Plato)
Wanted to portray and ideal beauty
New techniques and materials
Sculpture
more expensive materials used (like marble)
relieves became three dimensional representations
Painting
Ancient techniques were still used (frescoes, tempera...)
New oil technique adopted
New subjects
Demand of portraits increased (equestrian ones also were demanded)
gold backgrounds of the Gothic artists =became=> Nature, landscapes and buildings (with enormous accuracy ad detail)
themes were adopted from Classical Antiquity (themes related to Christianity or Mythology)
Italian Renaissance (painting and sculpture)
The Birth of Venus
By Botticelli
Characteristics
Tempera
Inspiration from classical mythology
Nude
Symmetry
The gates of paradise
By Ghiberti
Characteristics
relieves with various depths
perspective
The School of Athens
By Raphael
Characteristic
linear perspective
Representation of reality
Other methods
Blurring
chiaroscuo
