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Endocrine system - Coggle Diagram
Endocrine system
Diseases caused in endocrine system
Type I diabetes
Pancreas doesn't make insulin or makes very little insulin. Blood sugar can't get into cells and builds up in the bloodstream.
Type II diabetes
A common condition that causes the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood to become too high.
Graves
Is an immune system disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism).
Addison
Caused by an autoimmune response, which occurs when the body's immune system (which protects it from infection) assaults its own organs and tissues.
Goiter
Swelling of the thyroid gland that causes a lump in the front of the neck. May be a result of the over- or underproduction of the thyroid hormone
Pancreas
Controls bood sugar by releasing two type of hormones those work antagonistly with eachother
Increases blood sugar
Glucagon
Decreases blood sugar
Insulin
also produces enzymes that takes place in small intestine
Bile fluid
Controlled by:
Hypothalamus
Also releases (by Posterior pituary)
Oxytocin
Oxytocin induces uterine contractions
and the release of milk.
This is an example of positive feedback,where it leads to an even greater response.
ADH
enhances water reabsorption from collecting ducts in kidneys resulting less water in urine.
• Balance osmotic pressure of blood
• Secretion of ADH is controlled by a negative feedback mechanism as follows;
• Less water in blood , hypothalamus , ADH , kidney , reabsorbs water makes blood
• More dilute / makes urine more concentrated
• As blood becomes dilute, ADH is no longer released; this is a case of negative feedback.
Releases
Releasing Factor (RF)
Controls endocrine glands by releasing :
Tropic and Nontropic hormones
GH (Growth hormone)
has tropic and
nontropic actions.
• It is made up of 200 amino acids.It promotes growth directly and has diverse metabolic effects.It stimulates muscles, bones and cartilage grow.
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• GH promotes fat metabolism
rather than glucose metabolism.
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Nontropic hormones
MSH
• Influences skin pigmentation in some vertebrates and fat
metabolism in mammals.
Prolactin
• Stimulates lactation, growth of mammary glands and production of milk. It also plays a role in carbohydrate and fat metabolism.
Affects
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Tropic hormones
TSH
• Controls secretion of hormones from thyroid gland.
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• Excess TSH stimulate thyroid glands more, and more hormone produced in thyroid glands which eventually cause increase in tyroid gland cells and thyroid gland enlargement
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LH
• Stimulate ovulation and corpus luteum formation
Also called
gonotropins
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• Control production of estrogen and progesterone hormones from corpus luteum in females
FSH
• Stimulate follicle growth and estrogen hormone production during menstrual cycle in females
affects
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ACTH
• Controls secretion of steroid hormones from cortex region of adrenal glands.
Adrenal Medulla
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Adrenal cortex
Antagonistic system
Antagonistic hormones are a pair of hormones that have the opposite effects
For example, insulin and glucagon are antagonistic hormones because insulin functions to decrease blood glucose levels, whereas glucagon functions to increase blood glucose levels.
Glucagon releases into the blood and it causes blood sugar to increase back to normal level by digesting glycogen into glucose
Insuline releases into blood and it causes liver cells to store glucose by converting them into glycogen
Blood sugar level increases above the treshold
Blood sugar level drops below the treshold level
Negative feedback mechanism
A negative feedback mechanism is an important type of control that is found in homeostasis.
It responds when conditions change from the ideal or set point and returns conditions to this set point.
For example:
The TSH, in turn, stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroid hormone until levels in the blood return to normal. Thyroid hormone exerts negative feedback control over the hypothalamus as well as anterior pituitary, thus controlling the release of both TRH from hypothalamus and TSH from anterior pituitary gland.