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Latin American Independence, image, image - Coggle Diagram
Latin American Independence
THE CAUSES OF INDEPENDENCE
There were various factors that led to the emergence of revolutionary independence movements:
the Revolutions
the French Revolution
the Spanish War of Independence
the American Revolution
encouraged some of the colonists to fight for their own freedom
Great Britain
gave financial assistance to the supporters of independence
the influence of Enlightenment ideas
which were brought to America by Creole students who travelled to Europe
by the Spanish directors of trading companies that had been established in America
the Creole bourgeoisie wanted political and economic control of
the colonies
an end to their dependence on Spain when it came to trade
THE SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
the independence movements began during the Spanish War of Independence
when the colonies refused to accept Joseph I as King of Spain
he colonists created councils which removed the colonial authorities and governed in the name of Fernando VII
the councils declared their autonomy and in some viceroyalties
in 1810
in the Viceroyalty of New Spain
Mexico
a priest called Hidalgo led a social uprising of
Indians
mestizos
the Spanish authorities
in 1810
in the Viceroyalty of New Granada
Simón Bolívar
the Captaincy General of Venezuela
led a liberal bourgeois revolution which ended with the proclamation of the First Venezuelan Republic
Santa Fe de Bogotá
In the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
Buenos Aires
general José de San Martín
led a series of revolts which spread from
across Chile
Uruguay
Argentina
to the Viceroyalty of Peru
paraguay declared its independence
in 1811
Fernando VII returned to the throne
he sent troops to America to end the revolts
this was only successful in
New Spain
other regions the independence movements continued
from 1816 onwards
there was also political instability in Spain at that time
Simón Bolívar defeated the Spanish
at
Carabobo
in 1821
Pichincha
in 1822
he established Gran Colombia
which was made up of present-day
Venezuela
Colombia
Ecuador
the military victory of General Sucre
at Ayacucho
in 1824
led to the independence of
Bolivia
Peru
The military victories of José de San Martín and the Chilean General O'Higgins at
Chacabuco
in1817
Maipú
in 1818
led to Chile's independence
he process of independence advanced thanks to British support in
economic
military
THE CONSEQUENCES OF INDEPENDENCE
the consequences of Latin American independence were disastrous for Spain
dramatically reduced Spain's international
prestige
power
Spain became a second-rate power
the Spanish economy suffered
the Catalan manufacturing industry, as Spain lost its trade monopoly over the American colonies
the crown stopped receiving the large amounts of riches that had always come from America
Spain lost its hegemony over Latin America
the consequences for the new South American countries were different
new countries were formed
Argentina
Mexico
Venezuela
became independent republics
most of the new republics now came under the influence of Great Britain
until the 1823 Monroe Doctrine
that British influence was gradually replaced by that of the United States
the United States President warned the European powers not to interfere in America
the Creole bourgeoisie gained the political and economic power it had been fighting for
the establishment of free trade damaged the economies of many countries
were unable to compete with European and North American products
