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Criminal Justice - Coggle Diagram
Criminal Justice
Due Process Model: Stresses the importance of ensuring all procedures and followed and respected, powers are limited and must not be abused to ensure a fair and reliable justice system. -Differentiates between legal guilt, and factual guilt.
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms: outlines Canadians' basic rights. It covers fundamental freedoms, democratic rights, mobility rights, legal rights, equality rights, language rights as well as indigenous rights.
Crime Control Model: Main focus is to protect the public through the capture, prosecution, and conviction of offenders. Its goal is to secure a conviction and incapacitate as many criminals as possible.
-If a person has been arrested for a crime, they are likely guilty of the crime.
-Deterrence
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Functions and Goals of the Criminal Justice System:
-Preventing crime
-Enforcing laws
-Investigating crime
-Protecting society
-Providing treatment and rehabilitation to promote crime-free lives
Principles of Sentencing: 1. to denounce unlawful conduct and the harm done to victims or to the community that is caused by unlawful conduct;
- to deter the offender and other persons from committing offences;
- to separate offenders from society, where necessary;
- to assist in rehabilitating offenders;
- to provide reparations for harm done to victims or to the community; and
- to promote a sense of responsibility in offenders, and acknowledgment of the harm done to victims and to the community.
Goals of the Correctional System: is to contribute to the maintenance of a just, peaceful and safe society by
- carrying out sentences imposed by the courts through safe and humane custody and supervision of offenders; and
- assisting the rehabilitation of offenders and their reintegration into the community as law-abiding citizens through the provision of programs in penitentiaries and in the community.
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Victim Impact Statement persons who meet the definition of a victim have the right to submit a written statement, or to read one in court at sentencing, after there has been a finding of guilt.
Victim Services are 1. Police-based: made available to victims at the time of contact with the police. Police access victim services on behalf of the victim to provide them with support, information, referral, and court orientation in the aftermath of the crime. 2. Court-based: provide support for victims who have become involved in the criminal justice system as either victims or witnesses.
DNA with an exception for identical twins, DNA is specific to every individual. The National DNA Data Bank supports law enforcement by:
-linking crimes where there are no suspects
-helping to identify suspects
-eliminating suspects where there is no match between crime scene DNA and a DNA profile in the National DNA Data Bank, and
-determining whether a serial offender is involved.
Biometrics refers to a form of identification where unique features are used to recognize or confirm a persons identity. The most common form is fingerprinting however it can do more such as DNA matching, iris and retinal scanning, voice recognition, handwriting recognition, ear shape pattern etc.
3D Crime Scene Technology allows for the creation of three-dimensional crime scene reconstruction, using computer and photographic technology, investigators can create diagrams with 3D surfaces.
Conditional Release refers to the supervision of offenders who have received a custodial sentence and have qualified for a form of release into the community. This includes day parole, full parole, statutory release, temporary release programs and long-term supervision orders.
Bail Supervision Programs' provide the accused persons who lack financial resources or suitable sureties to give them access to pre-trial release. It provides accused with an alternative to interim detention, and usually involve reporting to a bail supervisor while adhering to specific identified conditions.
Temporary Absence Programs from Correctional Facilities Used to support inmates with their reintegration process. Inmates are eligible for an escorted temporary absence any time during their sentence Inmates become eligible for an unescorted temporary absence once they have served one-sixth of the sentence or six months, whichever comes later.
Work Release Programs are structured, unescorted release programs that permit inmates to work in the community, under supervision, to prepare for their eventual reintegration.
Correctional Institution Levels 1. Minimum Security: permit inmates to have unrestricted movement within the institution. 2. Medium Security: grant inmates limited movement within the facility, and the perimeter of the grounds is fenced. 3. Maximum Security: inmate movement is highly controlled within these institutions. The perimeter of the institution is surrounded with high fencing and the institution is monitored by video surveillance both internally and externally 4. Special Handling Unit: a place of last resort, and is a super-maximum security unit designed to secure the inmates that engage in aggressive, predatory, or self-injurious behaviour.
Restorative Justice is a process where all parties with s stake in the offence come together to resolve collectively how to deal with the aftermath of the offence and its implications for the future.