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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM, regulates, works antagonistically with, works…

- - - - ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND
        
        secretes
        
        Tropic Hormones
        
        FSH (follicule stimulating hormone)
        
        stimulates
        
        in females
        
        3 more items...
        
        in males
        
        1 more item...
        
        both is called "gonadotropins"
        
        LH (luteinizing hormone)
        
        stimulates
        
        in females
        
        3 more items...
        
        in males
        
        1 more item...
        
        both is called "gonadotropins"
        
        TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)
        
        stimulates
        
        thyroid gland
        
        excess of TSH causes
        
        thyroid gland enlargement
        
        ACTH (adenocorticotropic hormone)
        
        controls
        
        secretion of steroid hormones
        
        1 more item...
        
        GH (growth hormone)
        
        Nontropic Hormones
        
        PRL (prolactin)
        
        stimulates
        
        lactation
        
        growth of mammary glands
        
        production of milk
        
        MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone)
        
        stimulates
        
        melanosites
        
        1 more item...
        
        GH (growth hormone)
        
        also known as STH (somatotropin)
        
        stimulates
        
        muscles
        
        bones
        
        cartilage
        
        promotes
        
        fat metabolism
        
        enhances
        
        protein synthesis
        
        cell division
        
        diseases
        
        lack of STH causes
        
        1 more item...
        
        excess of STH causes
        
        1 more item...
        
        excess of STH in adulthood causes
        
        1 more item...
      - POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND
        
        secretes and stores
        
        oxytocin
        
        stimulates
        
        uterus
        
        starts
        
        1 more item...
        
        mammary glands
        
        causes
        
        uterine contractions
        
        release of milk
        
        is an example of positive feedback
        
        suckling stimulates hypothalamus
        
        more oxytocin releases
        
        provides
        
        maternal instinct
        
        ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
        
        also known as
        
        vazopressin
        
        stimulates
        
        kidneys (excretory canal)
        
        enhances
        
        reabsorption of water
        
        results in
        
        3 more items...
        
        lack of ADH causes
        
        diabetes insipidus
  - - - in front of the neck
    - - thyroxine
        
        influences development and maturation
        
        increases
        
        aerobic respiration
        
        energy production
        
        protein synthesis
        
        blood pressure
        
        heart beat and metabolism rate
        
        target is
        
        all organs
        
        diseases
        
        hypothyroidism
        
        goiter
        
        cretenism
        
        hyperthyroidism
        
        graves
      - calcitonin
        
        stimulates
        
        Ca++ deposition in bones
        
        decreases
        
        Ca++ levels in blood
        
        reabsorbtion of Ca++ in kidneys
        
        increases
        
        excretion of Ca++ by urine
  - - - parathyroid hormone (PTH)
        
        increases
        
        Ca++ levels in blood
        
        reabsorbtion of Ca++ in kidneys
        
        decreases
        
        excretion of Ca++ by urine
        
        stimulates
        
        Ca++ deposition in bones
- - - - to:
- - - - MEDULLA
        
        secretes
        
        catecholamines
        
        adrenaline
        
        .
        
        noradrenaline
        
        .
        
        is released as neurotransmitter from neurons
      - CORTEX
        
        secretes
        
        corticostreroids
        
        glucacorticoid
        
        cortisol
        
        stimulates
        
        1 more item...
        
        reduces
        
        1 more item...
        
        disease
        
        1 more item...
        
        cortisone
        
        supresses
        
        1 more item...
        
        mineralocorticoid
        
        aldostreone
        
        stimulates
        
        1 more item...
        
        excretes
        
        1 more item...
        
        disease
        
        1 more item...
        
        androgens
        
        produces small amounts of
        
        estrogen
        
        progesteron
        
        testosteron
  - - - .
    - - .
    - - .
  - - - needed for
        
        T-lymphocytes
      - active during
        
        neonatal period
        
        pre-adolescent period
  - - - melatonin
        
        controls
        
        sleep cycle
        
        circadian rhythm
        
        disease
        
        lack of melatonin causes
        
        insomnia
      - serotonin
        
        source of
        
        well being
        
        happiness
        
        lack of serotonin causes
        
        depression
  - - - glucagon
        
        increases
        
        blood glucose level
        
        absoption of glucose in the ileum
        
        fat breakdown
        
        passage of glucose from cells into blood
        
        secreted from
        
        alpha cells
      - insuline
        
        decreases
        
        blood glucose level
        
        increase the permeability of cells to take glucose except brain cells
        
        stimulates conversion of glucose to glycogen as storage in liver and muscles
        
        increases the glucose metabolism in cells
        
        secreted from
        
        beta cells
    - - lack of insuline causes
        
        diabetes mellitus
        
        type 1 (insulin dependent-juvenile)
        
        type 2