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inorganic chemistry - Coggle Diagram
inorganic chemistry
group 1:
reactions with water
group 1 metal + water ⟶ metal hydroxide + hydrogen 2M (s) + 2H2O (l) ⟶ 2MOH (aq) + H2 (g) where M is a group 1 element. the hydroxides all have the same general formula and are colourless, aqueous solutions. the metals form alkalis in water
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they share similar chemical characteristics because they each have one electron in their outermost shell
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reactions with oxygen
the alkali metals react with oxygen in the air forming metal oxides, which is why they tarnished. the metal oxide is a dull coating which covers the surface of the metal. they react more rapidly as you go down the group.
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group 7
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appearances, characteristics and colour
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melting points increase as you go down the group due to the atoms size increasing the intermolecular forces, so more energy is required to overcome these forces
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displacement reactions
a halogen displacement reaction occurs when a more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive halogen in a solution
chlorine displaces both bromine and iodine, whereas bromine only displaces iodine and iodine doesn't displace anything
chemical tests
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flame tests
To carry out a flame test dip a clean wire loop into a solid sample of the compound being tested, then put the loop into the edge of the blue flame from a Bunsen burner and observe and record the flame colour produced
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tests for cations
Metal cations in aqueous solution can be identified by the colour of the precipitate they form on addition of sodium hydroxide and ammonia
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test for anions
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halide ions
add nitric acid then silver nitrate, and identify halide by colour of precipitate
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